1. Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Units of Concentration (the lingua franca of the field)

2. Why concentration? driving force for - mass transport chemical reactions biotic effects  nutrients  toxicity

3. Metric prefixes … 10 12 10 6 terragram metric ton (megagram) Tg MT 10 3 kilogramkg 10 0 gramg 10 -3 milligrammg 10 -6 microgramµg 10 -9 nannogramng 10 -12 picogrampg 10 -15 femtogramfg

4. And if that’s not enough … 10 24 yottagramYg 10 -24 yoctogramyg

5. Mass concentration units: mass per mass. Onondaga Lake Syracuse, New York

6. Mass concentration units: mass per mass.

8. Mass concentration units: mass per volume.

9. Bioaccumulation: Mass in Fish vs. Mass in Water Onondaga Lake, Syracuse, New York

10. Mass concentration units: mole per volume. Units of moles (molarity, M) per liter are often used to report concentrations of materials dissolved in water. Gram molecular weight is the mass of a substance, in grams, that numerically equals its molecular weight. The mass of one mole of a substance is its gram molecular weight, e.g. for carbon, C, one mole weighs 12g.

11. Mass concentration units: mole per volume.

12. Other types of units: representation by effect.

15. Organic Matter. … what’s in here?

16. Organic Matter. Carbohydrates (sugar and the polymers starch and cellulose) Proteins (polymers of amino acids) Fats ( Fats (formed from glycerol and fatty acids)

17. Organic Matter. Photosynthesis Respiration also …mineralization oxidation stabilization

18. Representation by Effect - Organic Matter. Respiration When organic matter is used as a substrate for respiration, … when it is oxidized … when it is mineralized … when it is stabilized it exerts a “biochemical oxygen demand” or BOD.

19. BOD - Representation by Effect. … impacts on lakes and rivers?

20. Other types of units: particle concentrations.

21. Other types of units: concentration as a common constituent.