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The Setting
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What’s your image of the Japanese landscape? One of these?
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Something like these?
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Or something like these?
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Or maybe even something like this?
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Japan is all those landscapes; A long and varied chain of islands. Where do the Japanese live? How many people can this land support?
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How has Japan’s: natural environment, natural resources, and isolation influenced the development of its : n Culture, Economy, Politics n Balance of group orientation, individual expression, and universal values n Processes of change and continuity
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The Land n Physical landscape n Climate n Vegetation and wildlife n Natural Hazards n The Japanese and Nature
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Physical Landscape n Islands: Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and thousands more n Mountains: 70% n Plains: coastal, floodplain, mountain valleys
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Kinki Region: Osaka plain and Kyoto Basin Chubu Region: Nagoya in the Nobi plain
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Climate n Sub-arctic to sub-tropical temperatures n Snow on the back, sunshine on the front n Monsoons based precipitation n The typhoons that miss Hong Kong
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Vegetation n Mixed natural forests n Monoculture of artificial forests
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Natural Hazards n Floods and Landslides n Earthquakes and Tsunamis n Volcanoes n Cold and Snow
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The Great Tokyo Earthquake of 1923
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The Japanese and Nature n Religious inspiration n Aesthetic appreciation n Economic and political consequences n Environmental destruction and rehabilitation
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Religious Inspiration
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Aesthetic Appreciation
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Environmental Destruction
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Environmental Rehabilitation
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Agriculture and Natural Resources n Agriculture n Natural Resources n Space
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Why do people form groups?
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Agriculture n Rice u A basis of the diet u A basis of cooperative organization u A symbol of identity and self-understanding n Other traditional crops n Diversification
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A Basis of the Diet An Agricultural Product A Form of Organization
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Sharing Land & Cooperating on its Maintenance
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Cooperative Organization Built over Centuries
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Soil Preparation Mar-Apr. Seedling Preparation Mar-Apr. Edo Period 1700’s1960’sNow
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Planting Apr-May Irrigation, weed and pest control May-Sept.
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Harvesting
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Other Traditional Crops& Diversification
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Natural Resources n Water and beauty in quantity n Enough minerals and fuels for beginnings of industry n Wood and stone in sufficient supply n The new recreational resources
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The new recreational resources
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Space n Centralized political and administrative control of space n Government controlled transport and communication n Industrial concentration Urban congestion
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Government Administered Space
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Government controlled transport and communication
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Symbols of Continuity and Change n Food n Villages in the country and the city
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Continuity and Change in Food
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Old Villages And New
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Isolation n Homogenization: a mix of several peoples n Exclusion u Ainu, Burakumin, Koreans, Okinawans, New Immigrants n Reaching out
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Japan’s Geographic Isolation
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Summing up n Landscape restrictions on where and how the Japanese could live n Development of strong bonds with natural environment n Development of cooperative groups to make best out of environment n Concentration in plains increased by transportation, economic and political factors n Isolation led to strong, and somewhat exclusive identity, but also need to reach out
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