1. The Characteristics of Living Things

2. The Characteristics of Living Things
Great Complexity & Organization
Composed of Cells
Reproduction & Development
Mechanism for Inheritance
Metabolism & Homeostasis
Interaction with the Environment
Evolution (Adaptation)

3. Great Complexity and Organization
Living things are made of the same materials as everything else in the universe
are assembled into molecules
Living things are more organized , more complex
Living things require energy to carry out life processes

4. The Hierarchy of Life Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells Tissues Organs
Organ Systems
Organisms
Populations
Communities
Ecosystems
Biosphere

5. Atoms hydrogen helium atom carbon atom atom proton neutron electron
1p, 0n, 1e-
2p, 2n, 2e-
6p, 6n, 6e-

6. Some Elements

7. Simple Inorganic Molecules
Water (H2O)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Molecular Oxygen (O2)
Ammonium (NH3)
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

8. Biological Compounds Categories: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
Nucleic Acids

9. Organic Building Block Molecules
Simple Sugars
(e.g., glucose: C6H12O6)
Amino Acids
(e.g., glycine: C2H5O2N)
Nucleotide Bases
(e.g., adenine: C5H5N4)

10. Cell Organelles
nucleus
smooth ER
mitochondria
rough ER
golgi

11. Cells
Nerve cell
Osteocyte
Blood cell
Muscle cell

12. Levels of Body Organization

13. Organisms

14. Populations

15. Communities

16. Ecosystems

17. The Biosphere

18. Levels of Sturctural Organization
DNA molecule
organelle
cell
carbon
atom
tissue
organ
Levels of Sturctural Organization
biosphere
ecosystem
organ system
community
organism
population

19. Prokaryotic Cell

20. Eukaryotic Animal Cell

21. Eukaryotic Plant Cell

22. Classification: Six kingdom system
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
E. coli
Cyanobacteria
Protista
Paramecium
Diatom
Slime mold
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia

23. Asexual Reproduction
Coral polyp budding

24. Sexual Reproduction

25. Both Sexual & Asexual

26. Development

27. Contains information for almost all cell activities
DNA
Contains information for almost all cell activities

28. Metabolism
The sum total of the chemical processes that occur in living organisms, resulting in growth, production of energy, elimination of waste material, etc.
Anabolism- build up of complex molecules
Catabolism- break down of complex molecules

29. Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

30. Photosynthesis
6H2O + 6CO2 + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2

31. Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own food (like plants, some protists, and some bacteria)
Plants capture energy from the sun, use water and carbon dioxide to make sugars and starches
Photosynthesis
Chemosynthesis

32. Heterotrophs Organisms that take in food to meet their energy needs
Animals must consume autotrophs (plants), and other heterotrophs to meet their energy needs

33. Is a Coral a Heterotroph or Autotroph?

35. Homeostasis
Maintenance of constant internal conditions in varying environments
Adaptation of organisms to specific environments

36. Homeostasis Three big problems Obtaining energy and nutrients
Maintaining temperature
Obtaining and holding onto water

37. Body Temperature Regulation

38. Temperature Control Ectotherms (Poikilotherms)
Generate body heat metabolically, but cannot maintain constant internal body temperature
Body temperature mimics the surrounding environment

39. Ectotherms Most ectotherms regulate their body temperature by basking
moving between shade/sun
being active at certain times of day

40. Temperature Control Endotherms (homeothermic)
Generate body heat metabolically and body temperature does not match the temperature of the surrounding environment
These organisms retain metabolic heat and can control metabolism to maintain a constant internal temperature

41. Interaction with the environment
Living things interact with each other and with the environment
Ecology – the study of these interactions
Hawaiian Monk seals eat fish
Humans eat fish
What if something happened to the fish?

42. Interaction with the Environment

43. Change in the genetic composition of a population through time
Evolution
Change in the genetic composition of a population through time

44. Evolution
Inherited change in the characteristics of organisms over time
Living things are slowly changing
Process of natural selection results in change over time
Organisms with favorable genes are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on those favorable genes

45. Mechanisms Contributing to Evolutionary Change
Production of heritable variations
Natural Selection
Chance

46. Heredity Transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring
Instructions from parent to offspring are passed on in the form of genes

47. Heritable variations Banding pattern Dwarfism Eye color Beak Depth
Blood type

48. Adaptations
The structural, functional, and behavioral features that contribute to the success of a species.

49. Natural Selection
Peppered Moths: study in England 1800’s More light than dark moths
Industrial pollution turned trees dark
Population shifted to mostly dark moths
Peppered Moth Exercise

50. Natural Selection

51. Inquiry
1. Define:
Homeostasis, photoautotroph, chemoautotroph, heterotroph
2. What is a group of different organisms living in the same geographic are called?
3. What 3 features do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
4. Which 4 elements make up living things?
5. What is the equation for photosynthesis?