1. American History Chapter 28-2 Freedom Now!

2. Could you keep your cool?

3. Nonviolent Strategy Mohandas Gandhi: Protest leader in India who promoted nonviolence. – Martin Luther King Jr. & James Farmer used nonviolent protest. Gandi King Jr. Farmer

4. Nonviolent Protest Sit-ins: Promoted by James Lawson, protesters just sit, in order to make a statement. – Won white support. – Especially successful in restaurants/cafes. SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. – Coordinated many nonviolent protests.

5. Nonviolent Often Led to Violence Freedom Riders: CORE planned a bus trip through the South to bring attention to segregation on buses. – Used the “white” facilities at bus stops. – 1 bus was firebombed & the riders beaten. Became front page news. Sept. 1961 the Interstate Commerce Commission issued new, tougher rules forcing integration on buses and trains.

6. Freedom Rides

7. NAACP Pushed for Equal Education Federal Court ordered the Univ. of Ms. to allow African-American, James Meredith to enroll. – Violent protest followed, put down by federal troops. Shot in 1966

8. King Leads Peaceful Protest Birmingham, Al: King was arrested. – Police Chief, Eugene “Bull” Connor used police & firefighters to break up the protest. – The media recorded the violence used by authorities.

9. More Protest, More Violence, More Success Medgar Evers, Ms. NAACP leader was murdered. – KKK member, Byron Beckwith, was convicted & sentenced to life in prison, 30+ yrs. later. March on Washington for Jobs & Freedom: Aug. 28, 1963. – 200,000 marchers. – King made his “I Have a Dream” speech. July 2, 1964: Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law by President Johnson. – Banned discrimination in employment & in public accomodations.