1. The Eight Phases of Inflammation

2. The Eight Phases of Inflammation
Injury
Utrastructural Changes
Metabolic (Hypoxic) Changes
Activation of Chemical Mediators
Hemodynamic Changes
Permeability Changes
Leukocyte Migration
Phagocytosis

3. Phases of Inflammation
Injury - any event that impairs tissue structure
Trauma (most sports injuries)
macrotrauma (impact, contact)
microtrauma (overuse, friction)

4. Phases of Inflammation
Ultrastructural Changes
disruption of the cell membrane
contents of cell spill into extracellular spaces
caused by
trauma
hypoxia

5. Phases of Inflammation
Metabolic (Hypoxic) Changes
cells become deprived of oxygen (secondary hypoxic injury)
sodium pump fails
sodium increases in cell
cell membrane disruption
contents spill out

6. Phases of Inflammation
Activation of Chemical Mediators
Chemical mediators (histamine, bradykinin) spill out of the cell
Chemical mediators
notify body that cells have been damaged
mobilize the body=s resources to handle the situation
modify and regulate the rest of the inflammatory response

7. Phases of Inflammation
Hemodynamic Changes
arteries dilate enhancing blood flow
inactive capillaries and venules open
total blood flow increases, rate of flow decreases
leukocytes fall out of stream line and adhere to vessel wall

8. Phases of Inflammation
Permeability Changes
sizable gaps develop in the vessel walls.
leukocytes escape to injury site

9. Phases of Inflammation
Leukocyte Migration
leukocytes migrate in concentration-limited fashion
more chemical mediators, more leukocytes
2 types of leukocytes
neutrophils
travel fast, arrive first
temporary first line of defense
live 7 hours
macrophages
second line of defense
live for months

10. Phases of Inflammation
Phagocytosis
process of digesting cellular debris into pieces small enough to be removed by the lymph vessels.