1. ESA Science Programme Status of ILWS Related Activities
Hermann J. Opgenoorth
ESA – ESTEC
Solar System Missions Division (SCI-SM)
Research and Scientific Support Department (RSSD)

2. Reorganisation within RSSD
From
Division for Solar and Solar Terrestrial Missions - Hermann Opgenoorth
and
Division for Planetary Missions Gerhard Schwehm
to:
Solar System Missions Division and Solar System Science Operation Division
(Gerhard Schwehm) Nov May (Hermann Opgenoorth)
Hermann Opgenoorth (as of June 2006) Gerhard Schwehm
Science and Future Planning Operation of Missions in Orbit
i.e. ILWS amongst others… (:-)

3. Existing Missions - Ulysses
Joint ESA-NASA Mission since 1990
Earlier anticipated end of Mission: 30. Sept. 2004
Recent ESA-SPC decision to extend the scientific operations by 3.5 years to March allowing third polar pass
Now also successfully passed the NASA Senior Review - full support of extension to March 2008
Key Scientific Goals in the Context of Extension:
Energetic particle and dust dynamics: effect of reversed field polarity on latitude dependence
Reconfirm the north-south heliospheric asymmetry
3-D structure of CMEs and heliospheric current sheet observed in conjunction with ecliptic S/C like STEREO

4. Existing Missions - SOHO
ESA / NASA Collaboration since 1995
Currently in 4 year mission extension
New extension decided in May 2006 SPC
s.c. SOHO ”Bonus” or ”Bogart” Mission discussed:
maintain a minimum suite of instruments beyond 2009
to provide Coronagraph (and possibly TSI) for ILWS

5. Existing Missions - Cluster
First 3-D satellite mission ever
ESA - NASA Collaboration since 2000
Earlier ESA-SPC decision to change to 100 % orbital data
coverage and 3 year mission extension:
Additional SPC decision to add Cluster Active Archive,
which was opened in February 2006, containing 2 years data
Second mission extension for 2+2 years until December 2009
decided in February 2005 SPC meeting
Cluster is presently at largest separation km in
magnetotail

6. Existing Missions - Double Star
China / ESA collaboration since 2003 (TC1) and 2004 (TC2)
Two satellites with European Cluster and new Chinese Instruments
Magnetospheric equatorial (TC1, 570 x km) and
polar orbits (TC2, 700 x km), matched to Cluster.
No problems in science operation, in spite of failed attitude control
Excellent science results - in particular in coordination with Cluster
1.5 yrs mission extension to December 2006 for TC1 and 1 year to
July 2006 for TC2 decided by May 2005 SPC meeting
Presently investigation ongoing to extend also TC2 to December 2006

7. Cluster new regions: subsolar point and auroral acceleration
Cluster Extension
Cluster new regions: subsolar point and auroral acceleration
Solar wind
Magnetopause:
Subsolar point
2001
2009

8. Double Star – Cluster: Evolution of Reconnection
Cluster Extension
Double Star – Cluster: Evolution of Reconnection
DSP
Cluster
Double Star and Cluster observed stong plasma flows at 5 min interval. This is the signature of reconnection between the solar wind magnetic field and the Earth’s magnetic field.
Since at that time they were both at the same time at the magnetopause (thanks to the synchronised orbits), we can propose that reconnection started in the equatorial plane and then the reconnected field lines moved over the Southern pole where Cluster was located.
Strong flow of plasma observed first at
Double Star and 5 min later at Cluster
From Pitout et al., 2005

9. Cluster at new region: Near-Earth Current Disruption
Cluster Extension
Cluster at new region: Near-Earth Current Disruption
Solar wind
2001
Near-Earth tail:
Current Disruption
Crossing of tail at 8-10
Earth radii
Current Disruption: key
process for substorms
2009

10. Extension summer 2005: TailXY
09 Sept. 2005, 16:00 UT
Cluster: Re sep km
DSP TC-1: 9 Re apog. above equator
DSP TC-2: 7 Re apogee in tail
5 Re XZ
<== Observe NENL and/or Bursty Bulk Flow at Cluster and then
monitor Current Disruption and BBF breaking at DSP
==> Observe Current Disruption at DSP and then
outgoing “rarefaction-wave” at Cluster.
21 Oct 1999
SOHO SWT-29

11. Extension summer 2006: Tail
Cluster: Re sep km
DSP TC-1: 9 Re gradual sep. in Y
DSP TC-2: apogee in southern hemisphere
11 Sept :00
TC-1
XZ plane
XY plane
=> Observe the azimuthal extent and dynamics of current disruption
21 Oct 1999
SOHO SWT-29

12. Future Missions - SWARM
ESA - EOP Living Planet 3-satellite mission to study core dynamics and
geodynamo processes, crustal magnetisation, and ocean circulation from
low Earth orbit.
Ionosphere-magnetosphere current systems and magnetic forcing of
the upper atmosphere need to be derived and taken care of
- “one man’s noise is another man’s data”
Selected by Earth Observation Program Board for Launch in 2009
Electric Field Instrument (Ion Drift Meter) provided by CSA in
collaboration with ESA Science Programme
For optimisation of GEOSPACE science capabilities an additional
electron instrument “Conducto-meter” was discussed - but not achieved
Science operation and data products will be organised and shared
between D/EOP and D/SCI (tbd)

14. KuaFu - in detailed study phase by CNSA, CMA, PKU Solar Storm, Aurora and Space Weather Exploration
Clear ESA and European memberstate
interest to participate in this mission
( more on this tomorrow )
Launch Date: 2012

15. ESA Support to Solar-B
ESA, in sub-contractual collaboration with the Norwegian Space Centre,
will provide one additional downlink contact to Solar-B for each of the 15
orbits per day
This will considerably improve the overall scientific data return and the
cadence of observations from the Solar-B mission
The European scientific community will be catered with processed data
through a dedicated Solar B data centre
at the University of Oslo
MoU with JAXA basically agreed
and soon to be signed. AO for two
European members on the Solar-B
SWT to be issued after summer.

16. Svalbard Ground Station for Solar-B
Reasons: Antenna redundancy,
possibility to track all 15 orbits
every day and Norwegian
interest in the mission.

17. PROBA - 2 ESA Technology Demonstrator
Project for On-Board Autonomy within ESA D/TEC
Successor of PROBA1 (launched in 2001, dedicated to Earth observation)
ESA mission with Belgium as lead funder (through GSTP)
Prime contractor: Verhaert Design & Devl. (Belgium)
2 calls for ideas for technology experiments and scientific payload resulted by mid-2002 in a selection of
15 technology elements
5 scientific instruments
Schedule: development and launch September 2007
into an LEO Sun-synchronous orbit
Following proposal to the ESA NLM programme
the Proba-2 science operation has been «adopted« 
for a 2 year mission duration by the May 2006
SPC meeting - at a cost of 2.8 Meuro for ESA.

18. The PROBA2 Solar Payload
2 main Belgian-led instruments were selected by ESA:
SWAP: Sun Watcher using APS and image Processing (co-PI’s: J.M. Defise-CSL & D. Berghmans-ROB)
LYRA: Lyman Alpha Radiometer (PI: J.F. Hochedez-ROB)
3 other instruments (CZ and DK) are also part of the payload:
DSLP: Dual Segmented Langmuir Probe
TPMU: Thermal Plasma Measurement Unit for Microsatellites
SGVM: Science Grade Vectorized Magnetometer

19. 1024x1024 backsided CCD 1024x1024 coated CMOS APS  FOV: 45 arcmin
17.1nm, 19.5nm, 28.4nm, 30.4 nm
Fixed sun-centering
at L1
12 min cadence
17.5nm
Flexible off-pointing
Protected by magnetosphere
1 min cadence

20. LYRA (E)UV channels 200-220 nm (Herzberg continuum)
nm (Lyman alpha)
17-30 nm (EUV, including HeII)
1-20 nm (soft X-rays)
The nm Herzberg continuum range (interference filter)
Lyman-alpha (121.6 nm, interference filter)
Aluminium filter EUV channel (17-70 nm) incl. He II at 30.4 nm
Zirconium filter XUV channel (1-20 nm) highest solar variability, rejecting strongly He II
Woods et al 2005

21. Future Missions - Solar Orbiter
Selected as ESA Flexi-mission and confirmed as part of ”COSMIC VISION”
Formal negotiations about a potential NASA contribution ( or collaboration
with Solar Sentinels ) in progress…
- Inner Heliosphere In-Situ observations
and simultaneous Solar Remote Sensing
Orbit up to 35 deg out of the ecliptic, i.e.
topside view of polar regions and CME’s
observe the far-side of the Sun from a
co-rotating vantage point at 0.22 AU,
equivalent to 48 Solar radii…

22. Mission Duration and Solar Cycle

23. Solar Orbiter Status Mission profile:
Launch by Soyuz-Fregat 2-1b (aim: March 2015, alt. Oct 2017)
Cruise phase (Chemical Propulsion / SEP / ): / 3.0 / 1.8 yrs
Nominal science mission duration: 3.2 yrs
Extended mission (high-latitude phase): 3.8 yrs
Minimum perihelion distance: 48 solar radii (0.22 AU)
Maximum solar latitude: 35° (in extended phase)
SPACECRAFT – two industrial studies completed (Sci-A)
– 6 month delta-study (chem. prop.) completed
PAYLOAD – definition completed
Particles and Fields Package
Remote-sensing Package
PLAN : Call for Letters of Intent LoI issued - to sound P/L provision
Presently looking at cost savings and/or international collaboration
to maintain superior launch opportunity in 2015 & ILWS timeliness

24. ESA’s Cosmic Vision, 2015-2025 Call to be issued this autumn, subject to comments by SPRT
Themes:
What are the conditions for life and planetary formation?
How does the Solar System work?
From the Sun to the edge of the Solar System
“First, the hierarchy of scales in the magnetosphere (e.g. M3, Magnetospheric SWARM)”
Gaseous Giants and their Moons
The Building Blocks of the Solar System: Asteroids and Small Bodies
What are the fundamental laws of the Universe?
How did the Universe originate and what is it made of?
Giovanni Bignami, chairman SSAC, 10 May 2005

25. Three scales of plasmas – shocks as an example
Orientation, motion, curvature, foreshock
Shock
Electron reflection, acceleration, electric fields
Ion reflection, reformation, thermalisation, downstream waves

26. Cross-Scale – key concepts
Spacecraft on a hierarchy of scales
Electron group
Electron instruments
3 axis electric and magnetic fields
Ion group
Fast ion instruments
Magnetic field instruments
Fluid group
Bulk plasma and field instruments
Energetic particles
Note
Need different instrumentation at each scale
Other agencies could provide one or more scales

27. Cross-Scale - The ESA context
Cosmic Vision
Relative to other CV mission concepts, Cross-Scale is:
Cheap: <€300M, baseline of single Soyuz-Fregat launch
Quick: early in programme - by 2015?
Easy: no technological show-stoppers
Potential for international collaboration with JAXA
SCOPE: 5-s/c mission for cross-scale plasma dynamics
Led by Dr. M. Fujimoto, JAXA/ISAS
First inter-agency discussions at two ESA /JAXA Bilaterals,
(More on this tomorrow…)

28. European ILWS Strategy in an Overview
Major ESA Support
or ESA – led
Modest ESA Support
Strong ESA/SCI endorsement
1 Sun and Solar Wind
Energy Source
Soho & Ulysses ext.
Solar Orbiter
BC–MMO SolarSent.
Solar – B grnd. stat.
Coronagraph (MoO)
Stereo grnd. stat
L1 mission(s)
Solar - ISS
Proba - 2
2a Ionosphere -
Thermosphere
Energy deposition
Swarm
To be identified
Demeter
Ravens
2b Magnetosphere
Energy conversion
Cluster / DSP extension
M 3 development
NLM’s
candidates tbi
Orbitals
Frisbee
National Multi-Sats
3 Sun and Climate
End-to-End Observ. _
TSI M of Opp / C-Ph
Picard & Earthshine
4 Data Exploitation,
Analysis & Models
Cluster Active Archive (CAA)
SDO DB or EN-SVO
Stereo / Solar–B GrSt
Model and Theory
Space Weather / GB

29. European ILWS Strategy in an Overview
Major ESA Support
or ESA – led
Modest ESA Support
Strong ESA/SCI endorsement
1 Sun and Solar Wind
Energy Source
Soho & Ulysses ext.
Solar Orbiter <==
BC–MMO SolarSent.
Solar – B grnd. stat.
Coronagraph (SBM)
Stereo grnd. stat. <=
L1 mission(s)> KuaFu
Solar - ISS (D/HME)
== Proba - 2
2a Ionosphere -
Thermosphere
Energy deposition
Swarm
To be identified
Demeter
Ravens -> KuaFu
2b Magnetosphere
Energy conversion
Cluster / DSP extension
Cross-Scale (CV15-25)
NLM’s (?)
candidates tbi
Orbitals -> RBSP ?
Frisbee (?)
Natnl. Multi-Sats(?)
3 Sun and Climate
End-to-End Observ.
SOHO Bonus <== Mission (TSI)
TSI - Mission of Opp.
Earthshine (?)
Picard (CNES)
4 Data Exploitation,
Analysis & Models
Cluster Active Archive (CAA)
SDO DB or EN-SVO
Stereo / Solar–B GrSt
Model and Theory
Space Weather / GB

30. Slide provided by E. Daly (D/TEC) ESA Technology Directorate (D/TEC)
Space Weather Applications Pilot Project is completing;
new space engineering oriented collaboration structure being set up;
Space Weather Working Team to continue (chair: M. Hapgood (RAL, UK));
(PROBA-2, -3 are managed out of TD);
Modelling activities planned for engineering application (SPEs, radiation belts, ionosphere) – lack of inner heliosphere energetic particle data is apparent!
Environment monitor developments planned for deployment in, e.g., GEO, MEO(NAV);
Muon Telescope prototyping (U. Greifswald);
ESA Navigation Directorate
Galileo Navigation constellation should have in-situ (radiation, charging) and remote sensing (ionosphere) capabilities.