1. States, Boiling Point, Melting Point, and Solubility
Solid
Liquid
Gas

2. Questions What are the 3 states of matter?
Write a definition for each state?

3. Defining States of Matter
States of matter are NOT defined by what they are made of.
Example: solids can be elements (gold), compounds (Salt = NaCl), or mixtures (butter)
Element (Au)
Compound (NaCl)
Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)

4. Defining States of Matter
States of matter are defined by whether they hold SHAPE and VOLUME
Element (Au)
Compound (NaCl)
Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)
ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME = Solids

5. Defining States of Matter
Solids – have a definite SHAPE and VOLUME.
Element (Au)
Compound (NaCl)
Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)
ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME

6. Particle View of a Solid
Particles in a solid are PACKED CLOSELY together and they are in a FIXED POSITION.
Particles vibrate in place
This fixed, closely packed arrangement causes a solid to have a definite shape and volume

7. Liquids
Liquids – has definite VOLUME but no defined SHAPE
100 ml

8. Particle View of a Liquid
Packed CLOSELY (like a solid), but move FREELY around each other (must stay in contact).
Because liquid particles are free to move, a liquid has no definite shape. However, it does have a definite volume.

9. Gases Gases - do NOT have definite SHAPE or VOLUME.
Bromine gas fills up the entire volume of the container

10. Particle view of a Gas
Particles can MOVE FREELY and will either fill up or squeeze into available space.

11. Questions 1) Which Statement is True?
A) Liquids have a definite shape and volume
B) States of matter are defined by the substances they are made up of
C) Gases have a definite shape and volume
D) Solids have a definite shape and volume

12. Task Draw a diagram of A) Gas particles B) Liquid particles
C) Solid particles

13. Changes in States of Matter
Thermal Energy – heat energy.
More thermal energy = More particle movement

14. Changing States Solid Gas Liquid Increase Thermal Energy (Heat up)
Decrease Thermal Energy (Cool off)

15. Melting point Melting - change from solid to liquid
Melting point - SPECIFIC temperature when melting occurs.
Each pure substance has a SPECIFIC melting point.
Examples:
M.P. of Water = 0°C (32°F)
M.P. of Nitrogen = °C ( °F)
M.P. of Silver = °C ( °F)
M.P. of Carbon = °C ( °F)

16. Melting Point
Particles of a solid vibrate so fast that they break free from their fixed positions.
Increasing Thermal Energy
Solid
Liquid
Melting point

17. Vaporization Vaporization – change from liquid to gas
Vaporization happens when particles in a liquid gain enough energy to form a gas.
Increasing Thermal Energy
Gas
Liquid
Boiling point

18. Two Kinds of Vaporization
Evaporation – vaporization that takes place only on the surface of the liquid
Boiling – when a liquid changes to a gas BELOW its surface as well as above.

19. Boiling Point Boiling Point – temperature at which a liquid boils
Each pure substance has a SPECIFIC boiling point.
Examples:
B.P. of Water = 100°C (212°F)
B.P. of Nitrogen = °C ( °F)
B.P. of Silver = 2162 °C (3924 °F)
B.P. of Carbon = 4027 °C (7281 °F)

20. Boiling Point and Melting Point

21. Solubility
Maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a liquid (at a specific temperature).
Salt (NaCl)
Water (H20)
at 20°C

22. Solubility Solute – substance being dissolved
Solvent – liquid substance that solute is dissolved into
Salt (NaCl)
Water (H20)
at 20°C

23. Solubility Salt Water Solute – ?????? Solvent – ????? Water (H20)
Salt (NaCl)
Water (H20)
at 20°C

24. Solubility can change Increased Temp = Increased Solubility
Different substances have different solubility curves