1. Federal Aviation Administration FAA Inspectors and FAAST Managers Training MODULE 1 Introduction 03/10/09Rev. 1.0SL-1-FIFMT-1

2. Federal Aviation Administration Objectives Upon completing this lesson: –You will understand the background, goals, philosophy, imperatives, and implementation of SBT, SRM, and LCG. –You will understand the importance of using SBT, SRM, and LCG in flight training. SL-2-FIFMT-1

3. Federal Aviation Administration Overview This is the first module of the FAA Inspectors and FAAS Managers Training Seminar. Why use SBT, SRM, and LCG and where did they come from? What are the goals, philosophy, and imperatives and how can they be implemented? SL-3-FIFMT-1

4. Federal Aviation Administration Why do this? To facilitate learning in order to reduce or prevent pilot-error accidents. SL-4-FIFMT-1

5. Federal Aviation Administration Background Seventy-five to 80% of GA accidents are caused by human factors (pilot errors) Judgment and decision-making can be taught and evaluated using STB, SRM, and LCG. The FITS studies showed significant improvement. SL-5-FIFMT-1

6. Federal Aviation Administration Background (cont.) The development process: –Determined best practices currently in use. –Identified best practices for improving learning and enhancing judgment. –Tested the effectiveness. –Developed generic training syllabi. –Recommended changes to PTS and developed grading rubrics. SL-6-FIFMT-1

7. Federal Aviation Administration Scenario-Based Training (SBT) SBT is a training system (teaching method) that uses a highly structured script of real-world experiences to address flight-evaluation in an operational environment. SL-7-FIFMT-1

8. Federal Aviation Administration Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) SRM is the art and science of managing all resources (both on-board the aircraft and from outside sources) available to a single pilot (prior and during flight) to ensure the successful outcome of the flight is never in doubt. SRM includes ADM, RM, AM, TM, SA, and CFIT avoidance. SL-8-FIFMT-1

9. Federal Aviation Administration Learner-Centered Grading (LCG) LCG is a grading system and a debriefing technique that provides: –clear feedback about progress toward achieving desired outcomes, –progress to other instructors and flight managers, and –opportunities to enhance learning as well as practice and rehearse judgment and decision-making. SL-9-FIFMT-1

10. Federal Aviation Administration Goals The goals are to: –improve the acquisition of aeronautical knowledge and –enhance the development of judgment and aeronautical decision-making skills. SL-10-FIFMT-1

11. Federal Aviation Administration Philosophy The philosophy is to use maneuvers in scenarios to improve learning and recall, and to emphasize the development of judgment and decision- making skills. SL-11-FIFMT-1

12. Federal Aviation Administration Why scenarios? Scenarios engage and motivate. –To facilitate learning The pilot must actively engage in the learning process. Learning activities must be realistic and authentic –Authentic to the pilot The pilot needs to understand how the new knowledge relates to his or her previous experience or knowledge SL-12-FIFMT-1

13. Federal Aviation Administration Aeronautical Decision-Making Is defined as a systematic approach to the mental process and mental skills used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances. The mental skills are analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Can be taught like any other mental skill. Needs to be practiced and rehearsed. SL-13-FIFMT-1

14. Federal Aviation Administration Practice Exercise SL-14-FIFMT-1

15. Federal Aviation Administration With a partner: Pick a common GA single-engine emergency and set up the circumstances surrounding the emergency. Develop an appropriate response. SL-15-FIFMT-1

16. Federal Aviation Administration Can We Do Better? We picked an emergency Developed a response To practice and rehears judgment (analysis, synthesis, and evaluation), we need more steps in the learning process SL-16-FIFMT-1

17. Federal Aviation Administration Teaching & Learning Method Give the pilot a problem or task to solve Have the pilot reflect on how he/she solved the problem and determine if there were other ways the problem could have been solved Have the pilot re-solve the problem using additional information or another way SL-17-FIFMT-1

18. Federal Aviation Administration Teaching & Learning Method (cont.) Have the pilot choose which solution is best Challenge the pilot to describe “best” and consider if the “best solution” is always the same solution SL-18-FIFMT-1

19. Federal Aviation Administration Back to the Practice Exercise SL-19-FIFMT-1

20. Federal Aviation Administration Revisit Your Solution Reflect Re-solve Select which is best What is “best” SL-20-FIFMT-1

21. Federal Aviation Administration Imperatives Pilot training must include teaching methods that develop judgment and decision-making skills as well as engagement in the learning process and includes realistic and authentic learning activities These teaching methods are SBT, LCG, and SRM SL-21-FIFMT-1

22. Federal Aviation Administration Implementation Incorporate SBT, LCG, and SRM Use a problem or task as the learning activity center-piece Use a scenario and the judgment assessment rubric to evaluate judgment and decision-making SL-22-FIFMT-1

23. Federal Aviation Administration Review Seventy-five to 80% of the GA accidents are caused by pilot error Pilots can be taught judgment and decision- making skills Pilots need to practice and rehearse analysis, synthesis, and evaluation skills SBT, SRM, and LCG are effective tools for teaching, providing practice, and rehearsal opportunities SL-23-FIFMT-1

24. Federal Aviation Administration Objectives Upon completing this lesson: –You will understand the background, goals, philosophy, imperatives, and implementation of SBT, SRM, and LCG. –You will understand the importance of using SBT, SRM, and LCG in flight training. SL-24-FIFMT-1

25. Federal Aviation Administration FAA Inspectors and FAAST Managers Training MODULE 1 Introduction The End 03/10/09Rev. 1.0SL-25-FIFMT-1