1. 5.7 PW5.9 PW The seasonal cycle of energy fluxes in the high latitudes Aaron Donohoe I.) How do the absorbed solar (ASR), outgoing longwave (OLR), and meridional heat transport (MHT) each contribute to the high latitude balance? II.) How does this picture change seasonally?

2. Zonal and Annual Averaged Energy Flux (global mean removed) All signs defined wrt the atmosphere (e.g., negative OLR is an energy flux deficit for the atmosphere)  Surface heat flux = the total energy flux (radiative plus turbulent) through the surface/atmosphere interface  In the annual mean, positive SHF is equal to oceanic heat flux convergence ASR = Absorbed solar SHF = Surface heat flux (-)OLR = Outgoing longwave MHT = Meridional Heat Transp. CTEN = (-) Atmos Column tendency Observed NH

3. Annual mean of energy budget poleward of 30 0 N (Departures from global annual mean) Absorbed Solar (ASR) Surface Heat Flux (SHF) Negative OLR Meridional Heat Transport (MHT) 2.2 PW 4.3 PW 1.4 PW Tropics North Polar Region 7.9 PW

4. (-) OLR ASR SHF MHT CTEN (-) Atmospheric Column tendency Zonal and Seasonal Averaged Energy Flux (zonal, annual average removed) Observed NH

5. Seasonal High Latitude Energy Budget