1. Heintz et al. 2005 lateral resolution : 700 - 1000km 300 - 500 km T > 40s, long paths T > 15s, shorter paths Surface-wave tomography studies: Vs at 100 km depth High velocities in the Amazon craton Feng et al. 2005

2. S-wave anomalies at 150km (Heintz et al., 2005) % Note low-velocities beneath the Chaco/Pantanal basins.

3. 100km 150km 250km Upper Mantle Shear Velocity Model N.Shapiro Univ.Colorado SDT (diffraction tomography model). 200km Global tomography (Univ. Colorado) Few stations in South America, very long paths -> low resolution (does not isolate Amazon craton Note low-velocities beneath the Chaco/Pantanal basins.

4. Joint inversion results: Vs 100 km Generally high velocities In the Amazon craton. No clear separation between the Guyana and Guaporé shields. Separate high-velocity block in Southern S.Francisco craton. Possible cratonic block beneath the Paraná basin?

5. resolution 300-600km Vs 150 km thickest lithosphere in oldest block A TransBrasilian Lineament: generally low velocities or limits high velocity blocks.

6. oldest rocks Vs 200 km resolution 500-800km 2.9-3.0 Ga granitoids/greenstones Carajás Iron Province

7. 150 km Guyana shield Guaporé shield S.Francisco craton NWSE

8. station craton intrusion 85-60 Ma intrusions 130-120 Ma, Atlantic rift P-wave tomography

9. geochemistry (Gibson et al., 1997) tomography (BLSP, 2004) effect of ray paths Note striking similarity of lithospheric thicknesses (geochemistry model) with P-wave anomalies along the white line (200km depth)

10. Seismicity Earthquakes tend to occur above low- velocity areas (thinner lithosphere?)

11. Number of earthquakes along NW-SE profile (+- 100km width) Iporá APIP SFC S.Mar/plat. mag>3,5 lithosphere/asthenosphere limit?

12. Receiver Function R Z FR(w) = R(w)/Z(w) fr(t) = response from an incident pulse consisting of all P-to-S conversions at crustal interfaces

13. Teresina station Vp/Vs = 1,71 Crustal thickness = 40 km (assuming Vp=6.4km/s)

14. Crustal thicknesses from receiver functions. Note thick crust in the low-topography Paraná basin. 46 km 33 km 46 km 33 km 35 km

15. Crustal thickness constrained by 1- Rayleigh waves 2- receiver functions 3- isostasy Feng et al.(2005)

16. 1.74 1.76 1.74 1.71 1.70 Average crustal Vp/VS ratio Archean is generally more felsic, consistent with low Vp/Vs (<1.73). Mafic rocks, in general, have Vp/Vs >1.75, consistent with Magmatic Arc. 1.73 1.71 Assumpção et al., 2004)