1. Inter-industry linkage: Urbanization: Localization: Agglomeration Economies: Technological Spillovers: Externalities:

2. FT. PITT Absolute advantage: Alleghany R Monongahela R Ohio R Comparative advantage:

3. Diffusion of Innovation… Recorded Music Example

4. Diffusion of Innovation… Steel Industry Example

5. …Pittsburgh 1800-1960 Circular and Cumulative Causation:

6. Urban Hierarchy:

7. …Pittsburgh after 1960 The Spiral of Deindustrialization: Loss of Comparative Advantage:

8. Industry Sectors Primary: Secondary: Tertiary: Quaternary:

9. Economic Transitions…

10. Economic Transitions… Demographic Transitions