1. SOSC 103D Social Inequality in HK
Lecture 19:
Social Exclusion and Cohesion

2. Marginalized groups
Groups of people who have encountered difficulties in participating fully in society
Those who are in lack of:
Economic resources (poverty)
Community support (discrimination)
Social rights (citizenship)
Esp. Multiple Deprivation
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3. Example: Street sleepers
How are they being marginalized?
Exclusion from land
Exclusion from security
Labour market exclusion
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4. Example: Street sleepers
How are they being marginalized?
Exclusion from land
Exclusion from security
Labour market exclusion
An initial cause of social exclusion (poverty)
A result of further exclusion (discrimination)
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5. Example: Street sleepers
How are they being marginalized?
Exclusion from land
Exclusion from security
Labour market exclusion
Exclusion from goods and services
Exclusion from social and political rights
Exclusion from development strategies
Role of the government, policies and the social system
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6. Other E.g. of marginalized groups
Cage-homers, Elderly,
New arrivals, Ethnic minorities
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7. Other E.g. of marginalized groups
Single parent families
Youth (finished schooling but unemployed)
The disabled or those who have serious illness
Released prisoners
Sex workers
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8. Problem of social exclusion
Social isolation (vicious circle)
Invisible in our “normal” society
Policies and development further neglect their needs and problems
Hostility
Social instability
Lack of social cohesion
Social problems
Criminals
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9. Problem of social exclusion
Recent problem:
From neglect to concern?
Stigmatization (role of government, media, etc.)
Discrimination (role of the general public and employers)
Further marginalized
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10. Hostility 爭 取 居 港 權 人 士 在 入 境 處 縱 火 ， 五 十 人 死 傷
二OOO 年 八 月 二 日 下 午 ， 廿 多 名 自 稱 有 居 港 權 的 內 地 人 ， 在 入 境 處 要 求 獲 發 身 份 證 無 效 後 ， 有 人 用 易 燃 液 體 放 火 ， 令 廿 多 名 入 境 處 職 員 及 卅 多 名 內 地 人 士 當 場 受 傷 。 其 中 入 境 處 高 級 事 務 主 任 梁 錦 光 及 爭 取 居 權 的 內 地 人 林 小 星 先 後 傷 重 不 治 。 警 方 稍 後 落 案 起 訴 十 九 名 涉 嫌 與 縱 火 有 關 的 內 地 人 。
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11. Hostility Chinese migrants torch Hong Kong immigration building
August 2, 2000
Migrants from mainland China doused Hong Kong immigration headquarters with flammable liquid Wednesday evening, then set a fire that injured 46 people, including three officials who were seriously burned.
Eighteen immigration officers and an unspecified number of mainlanders were hurt as Hong Kong's drawn-out dispute over residency rights turned violent in the migrants' most dramatic effort yet to avoid being sent home.
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12. Readings:
Saloojee, Anver (2001) “Social Inclusion, Citizenship and Diversity,” in the Canadian Council on Social Development
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