1. Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
11.5 Functional Groups

2. Functional Groups Functional groups are
A characteristic feature of organic molecules that behave in a predictable way.
Composed of an atom or group of atoms.
Groups that replace a H in the corresponding alkane.
A way to classify families of organic compounds.

3. Some Functional Groups

4. Alcohols and Ethers
An alcohol contains the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group.
An ether contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms
–C–O–C– .

5. More Functional Groups

6. Aldehydes and Ketones
An aldehyde contains a carbonyl group (C=O), which is a carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom.
In a ketone, the carbon of the carbonyl group is attached to two other carbon atoms.

7. Carboxylic Acids and Esters
Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group, which is a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group. O ||
—C—OH
In an ester, the H in the carboxyl group is replaced by a carbon.

8. Amines and Amides In amines, the functional group is a nitrogen atom.|
—N —

9. Functional Groups in Everyday Items
Methyl amine (fish)