1. 4A Earth and Moon Our home and our nearest neighbor

2. 4A Earth-Moon System Distance from the earth to the moon: –384,000 km –Less than the radius of the Sun (696,000 km)

3. 4A Tides Synchronous rotation

4. 4A The Earth’s Interior

5. 4A How do we know what the Earth looks like inside? Seismology

6. 4A Differentiation and Heat A differentiated planet is not the same all the way through. A homogeneous planet is the same. Heating a planet allows movement. Heavier materials sink to the inside and lighter materials rise. Sources of Heat

7. 4A The Earth’s Surface 70% water, 30% rock Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust

8. 4A Rocks Rocks are made of minerals Types of rocks: –Igneous rocks are those that have formed from a molten state (volcano made) –Sedimentary rocks are composed of fragments of other rocks that are cemented together (water made) –Metamorphic rocks are produced from either igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been buried and modified by high temperatures and pressures

9. 4A Why does the earth look like this? Processes that alter the surface of the earth: Endogenic –Forces that act from inside the earth: Volcanic Erosional Tectonic –These forces can make rocks Exogenic –Forces that act from outside the earth: Cratering

10. 4A Tectonics Any movement of the earth –Folding –Fracturing –Earthquakes –Plate tectonics

11. 4A Plate Tectonics

12. 4A Volcanoes Spreading centers

13. 4A Volcanoes Converging plate margins

14. 4A Volcanoes - Hotspots

15. 4A Volcanoes

16. 4A Erosion

17. 4A Atmosphere

18. 4A

19. 4A Terrestrial greenhouse effect

20. 4A Magnetosphere

21. 4A Moon - Interior

22. 4A Moon - Surface Lunar rocks are mostly igneous

23. 4A Lunar surface features

24. 4A Origin of the moon Current theory – planetesimal hits protoplanetary earth

25. 4A Lunar exploration