1. International Gothic Style: --- by the end of 14th c. the fusion of Italian and Northern European art had led to the IGS, spread out from Italy to France and all over Europe. Book of Hours: ---A prayer book used by laymen for private devotion, containing certain illusions of hours of the days, days of weeks, months or seasons. Illuminated manuscripts: --- Books written by hand, decorated with paintings and ornaments of different kinds. There are three main types: 1. Miniature or small pictures 2. Initial letters 3. borders

2. Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry §What is the Tres Riches Heures? ---the classic example of a medieval book of hour. A collection the text of each liturgical hour of the day, often included Calendars, prayers, psalms, and masses for certain holy days. §It’s made between 1412~1416 §It’s equal to the famous work---Mona Lisa, making the top of the art of manuscript illumination.

3. Who painted the Tres Riches Heures? §By the Limbourg brothers, Paul, Herman and Jean. They are Netherlandish manuscript illuminator, but were generally referred to as Germans. §Born in late 1370s or 1380s, three of them died in 1416, probably caused by plague. §Two masterpieces: the Belles Heures and the Tres Riches Heures (unfinished but completed by Jean Colombe seventy years later. )

4. Who’s their patron? §Jean de Berry, one of the highest and richest nobles in 15th c. France---his brother were King Charles V. §Involved by politic reasons, his property was attacked several times. (That’s why most of the Limbourgs’ are ruined and no longer existed.) §A collector of chateaux, jewels, works of art and animals. Besides, a great collection of astronomical and religious book, and also 15 books of hours.