3. Bryophytes – mosses, liverworts & hornworts Evolutionary innovation – waxy cuticle

5. Seedless Vascular plants – lychophytes, horsetails & ferns

6. Fern Lifecycle

7. Modified Leaves

8. Figure 20.9 Leaf Structure

11. Figure 20.4 Angiosperms – flowering plants

12. Figure 20.12

13. Figure 20.13

14. Figure 20.04

16. Figure 21.11

25. Choanoflagellates

27. Fig. 22-5, p.356 spongescnidariansechinodermsflatwormsannelidsmollusksroundwormsarthropodschordates multicelled body radial ancestry, two germ layers true tissues coelom lost coelom reduced pseudocoel coelom reduced molting PROTOSTOMES mouth from blastopore bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers DEUTEROSOMES anus from blastopore

28. Fig. 22-6a, p.357

29. Fig. 22-6b, p.357

30. Fig. 22-6c, p.357 section through body wall: glasslike structural elements amoeboid cell pore semifluid matrix flattened surface cells collar cell with a central flagellum ringed by microvilli

31. Fig. 22-5, p.356 spongescnidariansechinodermsflatwormsannelidsmollusksroundwormsarthropodschordates multicelled body radial ancestry, two germ layers true tissues coelom lost coelom reduced pseudocoel coelom reduced molting PROTOSTOMES mouth from blastopore bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers DEUTEROSOMES anus from blastopore

32. p.352a

33. Fig. 22-7, p.358 lid capsule's trigger (modified cilium) barbed thread in capsule barbs on discharged thread exposed nematocyst (capsule at free surface of epidermal cell)

34. Fig. 22-8a, p.358 outer epithelium (epidermis) mesoglea (matrix) inner epithelium (gastrodermis)

35. Fig. 22-8c, p.358 mesoglea- filled bell tentacles

36. Fig. 22-8d, p.358

37. Fig. 22-9, p.359 reproductive polyp female medusamale medusa ovum sperm zygote planula polyp forming branching one branch from a mature colony feeding polyp

38. Fig. 22-5, p.356 spongescnidariansechinodermsflatwormsannelidsmollusksroundwormsarthropodschordates multicelled body radial ancestry, two germ layers true tissues coelom lost coelom reduced pseudocoel coelom reduced molting PROTOSTOMES mouth from blastopore bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers DEUTEROSOMES anus from blastopore

39. Fig. 22-3a, p.355 epidermis gut cavity organs packed between gut and body wall No coelom (acoelomate animals)

40. Fig. 22-10, p.360 pharynx (protruded) protonephridia brain nerve cord genital pore oviduct testisovary penis flame cell nucleus cilia fluid filters through membrane folds flame cell opening of tubule at body surface

41. a Larvae, each with inverted scolex of future tapeworm, become encysted in intermediate host tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle) b A human, a definitive host, eats infected, undercooked beef (mainly skeletal muscle) proglottids c Each sexually mature proglottid has female and male organs. Ripe proglottids containing fertilized eggs leave host in feces, which may contaminate water and vegetation. d Inside each fertilized egg, an embryonic, larval form develops. Cattle may ingest embryonated eggs or ripe proglottids, and so become intermediate hosts Fig. 22-11, p.361 scolex

42. Fig. 22-5, p.356 spongescnidariansechinodermsflatwormsannelidsmollusksroundwormsarthropodschordates multicelled body radial ancestry, two germ layers true tissues coelom lost coelom reduced pseudocoel coelom reduced molting PROTOSTOMES mouth from blastopore bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers DEUTEROSOMES anus from blastopore

43. Fig. 22-13c, p.362

44. Fig. 22-5, p.356 spongescnidariansechinodermsflatwormsannelidsmollusksroundwormsarthropodschordates multicelled body radial ancestry, two germ layers true tissues coelom lost coelom reduced pseudocoel coelom reduced molting PROTOSTOMES mouth from blastopore bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers DEUTEROSOMES anus from blastopore

45. Fig. 22-3b, p.355 epidermis gut cavity unlined body cavity around gut Pseudocoel (pseudocoelomate animals)

46. Fig. 22-5, p.356 spongescnidariansechinodermsflatwormsannelidsmollusksroundwormsarthropodschordates multicelled body radial ancestry, two germ layers true tissues coelom lost coelom reduced pseudocoel coelom reduced molting PROTOSTOMES mouth from blastopore bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers DEUTEROSOMES anus from blastopore

47. Echinodermata

48. Figure 19.26

49. Fig. 22-3c, p.355 epidermis gut cavity peritoneum body cavity with lining that holds internal organs in place Coelom (coelomate animals)