1. MARS ODYSSEY October 24, 2001

2. Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) Visible Imaging System –Visible-light images with 18 meters per pixel resolution Infrared Imaging System –Infrared data set with 100 meters per pixel resolution

3. Reviewing features on Mars as seen in THEMIS visible images and MOLA shaded relief context images

4. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image: MOLA Shaded Relief -19N, 173E THEMIS visible images are taken during the afternoon and the sun is shining from the left Most THEMIS visible images are ~18 km across CONTEXT images appear to have the sun shining from the right

5. 2N, 237E 2N, 237E THEMIS Visible Image Context Image

6. 2N, 237E 2N, 237E THEMIS Visible Image: Caldera Context Image

7. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image -20N, 240E

8. THEMIS Visible Image: Lava Flow Context Image -20N, 240E

9. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image -14N, 307E Coprates Chasma

10. THEMIS Visible Image: Canyon plateau, landslides and floor Context Image -14N, 307E Coprates Chasma

11. Landslide closeups THEMIS visible images Melas Chasma -9N, 282E Ius Chasma -7N, 275E

12. Candor Chasma -7N, 290E

13. Layers within Valles Marineris

14. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image -47N, 19E

15. THEMIS Visible Image: Sand Dunes Context Image -47N, 19E

16. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image 55N, 190E

17. THEMIS Visible Image: Splosh Crater with central peak and slumps Context Image 55N, 190E Central Peak Slumps

18. Hale Crater -35N, 324E

19. Gullies found in crater walls Hale Crater -35N, 324E

20. 22N, 126E THEMIS Visible Image Context Image

21. 22N, 126E THEMIS Visible Image: Channel Context Image

22. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image 18N, 329E

23. THEMIS Visible Image: Streamlined Islands Context Image 18N, 329E

24. -3N, 331E THEMIS Visible Image Context Image

25. -3N, 331E THEMIS Visible Image: Chaos Terrain Context Image

26. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image 25N, 255E 25N, 255E

27. THEMIS Visible Image: Graben/Fractures Context Image 25N, 255E 25N, 255E

28. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image -15N, 175E

29. THEMIS Visible Image: Dust Devil Tracks Context Image -15N, 175E

30. -5N, 200E THEMIS Visible Image Context Image

31. -5N, 200E THEMIS Visible Image: Yardangs Context Image

32. Introduction to Infrared Light and Imaging

33. Behavior of Light –Reflect –Transmit –Absorb –Emit In the visible, we are seeing reflected light In the infrared, we are detecting emitted energy

34. Infrared Energy/Light Primarily thought of as heat (thermal radiation) Is part of the EM spectrum Infrared energy is just beyond the red portion of the visible light spectrum – we can not see infrared energy with our eyes Any object that has a temperature above absolute zero (~-273C or ~-460F) radiates in the infrared Just about everything emits energy in the infrared – Everything glows!

35. Video – Seeing in the Infrared

36. ASU’s IR Camera Gray-scale not color Everything is relative! –Hot = Bright –Cold = Dark

37. Introduction to Heating Effects

38. Heating Effects Sunlight versus shadow Black versus white (Albedo) –What would you rather stand on: Black asphalt parking lot White concrete sidewalk –Albedo: A measure of how much light is being reflected Dark colored material: reflects little light, absorbs a lot of light = low albedo Light colored material: reflects a lot of light, absorbs little light = high albedo

39. Heating Effects Heating EffectVisibleDay IRNight IR Sunlight High Low Albedo High Low TI High Low

40. Shadow Mapping Activity: Shadow and Sun Effects Materials Needed: -Notebook -IR Thermometers -Pencil -Colored pencils

41. Shadow Mapping Activity: Shadow and Sun Effects 1.Find an object which is casting a large shadow and will be in the sunlight for most of the day. 2.Record the current time, and sketch (as seen from above) the shadow cast by the object. Be sure to indicate which way is north on sketch. 3.Using the IR thermometer, measure the temperature of the object and the surrounding ground at the points indicated in the sample drawing. 4.Create a temperature scale and color your temperature map.

42. Temperature in Black and White Activity: Albedo Effects Materials Needed: -Notebook -IR Thermometers -Black and white albedo samples -Stopwatch -Colored pencils

43. Heating Effects Heating EffectVisibleDay IRNight IR Sunlight High Low Albedo High Low TI High Low

44. Heating Effects Heating EffectVisibleDay IRNight IR Sunlight High Bright HotN/E Low Dark ColdN/E Albedo High Bright ColdN/E Low Dark HotN/E TI High Low

46. Thermal Inertia Thermal Inertia (TI) = measures the amount of energy it takes to heat up a materials and how long it takes that material to cool down after the energy source is removed High TI = requires more energy to heat up and cool down Low TI = requires less energy to heat up and cool down

47. Thermal Inertia Think of a sandy beach during the day: As you walk around, what is really hot? Think of that same sandy beach at night: What is the temperature like of the sand? How about the rocks? What takes more energy to be heated up and cool down (loose it’s heat)? = High TI What takes less energy to heat up and cool down (heats up and cools down more quickly)? = Low TI

48. Thermal Inertia TI is related to grain size –Rocks –Sand –“Dust”/finer grained materials

49. Heating Effects Heating EffectVisibleDay IRNight IR Sunlight High Bright HotN/E Low Dark ColdN/E Albedo High Bright ColdN/E Low Dark HotN/E TI High Low

50. Heating Effects Heating EffectVisibleDay IRNight IR Sunlight High Bright HotN/A Low Dark ColdN/A Albedo High Bright ColdN/A Low Dark HotN/A TI High N/A N/AHot Low N/A N/ACold