1. Clearwater-Aid Team: Eric Morris, Client Nick Mendenhall, Mechanical Engineer Whitney Menzel, Mechanical Engineer G Contreras, Mechanical Engineer Diana Rudeck, Biological Systems Engineer Mark Rogers, Biological Systems Engineer Matt Aldrich, Biological Systems Engineer

2. Presentation Outline Problem Statement Objectives Background Research Final Design Validation Recommendation Acknowledgements

3. Problem Statement 1 billion people live without access to improved drinking water (WHO). Solving this problem for the Maasi tribe would be a step toward solving the world problem. This is an engineering problem. Our team is looking for a solution to the problem.

4. Objectives A filtration system in which Maasai can take ownership. Design, Build and Test a Slow Sand Filter. Create an instruction manual to build a SSF. Provide direction to assemble inexpensive water test kit. Conduct Artemisia research to characterize Artemisian content in different species.

5. Background Research Darcy’s Law Ceramic Filtration Ceramic Manufacturing UV light Slow Sand Filtration Kenya Research

6. Background Research Design Concepts: Ceramic Filtration UVC process Slow sand filtration

7. Background Research Concept Selection Concept Decision Matrix UsabilityManufacturabilityCostMaterial AvailabilityOwnership Weighting Factor10 201540 Concept Overall Score Ceramic 41353305 Slow Sand 43555445 UV Light 43111145

8. Final Design Slow Sand Filter

9. Final Design Filter Specifications: Specifications No.MetricValue 1Flow rate1 L/min 2Stop Using filter whenFlowrate is <.25 L/min 3Coliform testPass 4Percent Bacteria Removed99.9% 5Average Time to Construct1 Day 6Schmutzdecke Growth Time3 weeks 7Average Life of Filer20000 liters

10. Final Design Test Kit Specifications: Specifications No.MetricValue 1Coliform Presence/Absence Cost.25 cents/test 2Ph Test Cost12.3 cents/test 3Testing Time48 hours

11. Final Design Filtration Process

12. Validation Flow rate - 1. 66 L/min Coliform - Absent Bacteria Count - Cost - 10 USD = 70KSH Construction - < 1 Day Schmutzdecke development time Three Weeks Life  Sand = 5 years  Schmutzdecke – clean when flowrate drops

13. Validation

15. Recommendations The filter works and should be implemented.

16. Acknowledgements Eric Morris Don Blackketter Linda Morris Tom Hess Brad Beckman Don Elger Aicha Elshabini John VanGurpen Peter and Ole

17. Questions?