1. TIME and SPACE SCALES of ATMOSPHERIC MOTION
Global scale
[> km]
Synoptic scale
[2000–20000 km]
Mesoscale
[ km]
Microscale
[< 2 km]

2. Smog layer over Santiago, Chile
Top of
boundary
layer
(inversion)

3. Boundary layer capped with clouds

4. Typical values of the Bowen Ratio (B=H/HL)
Surface type B
desert
>10
semi-arid grassland 5
grassland/forest
0.5
irrigated orchards/grass
0.2
ocean
0.1
ice/snow surfaces
-10 to 10*
* strongly dependent upon the meteorology/air-mass

5. Surface skin temperature over New York City

6. Diurnal skin temperature range (July)

7. Land surface heterogeneity

8. Profiles over the cloudy subtropical ocean
From Caldwell et al. (2005)

9. Temperature profile from the South Pole
From Hudson and Brandt (2005)