1. Get Out the Vote: Campaign Strategy

2. Two more points about turnout! 1.What predicts variation in turnout from election to election in the US? 2.What predicts cross-national variation in turnout?

3. In any given election, why might more people turn out? High media coverage Significant office Important issues Attractive candidates Competitive race

4. Why Americans Don’t Vote (compared to people in other democracies) Alienation?

5. Is trust the explanation? CountryPercent turnout Percent saying they trust the government USA52.834% France66.233% Italy90.5*14% Belgium93.4*20% Austria90.555%

6. Responses to surveys about trust in government, voters & nonvoters % of respondents who vote % of respondent s who don’t vote You can trust the government to do what’s right most or all of the time 5941 You can only trust the government to do what’s right some or none of the time 6139

7. Why Americans Don’t Vote Alienation? (No) More frequent elections

8. Voter turnout, presidential and midterm elections 1960-1998

9. Why Americans Don’t Vote Alienation? (No) More frequent elections Registration laws

10. How can parties, groups, and candidate campaigns encourage people to vote who might not otherwise vote?

11. Green and Gerber Methods? Experimental design: random assignment Door to door canvassing Weekend days, 4 weeks before election Paid canvassers, different races

12. Green and Gerber’s methods Random assignment experiments CT congressional and state elections 1998 New Jersey State Assembly Race 1999 CT Mayoral Campaign 1999 Multi city presidential election study 2000 Multi city local elections 2001

13. Green and Gerber Methods? Benefits of experimental design? Controls for other individual characteristics Can tell whether treatment itself has an effect!

14. Green and Gerber Methods? Benefits of experimental design? How did they try to motivate people?

15. Appeals: P(V) = PB + D – C By voting, you provide evidence that your neighborhood is politically active, which will increase its political clout. (neighborhood solidarity) Voting is your civic duty The election is close, and there is a chance your vote might make the difference. There is an election coming…

16. Green and Gerber: Findings Nonpartisans more affected by treatment

17. Green and Gerber’s methods Mail Phone Door to door canvassing

18. Green and Gerber’s methods Mailup to.6% effect Phone Door to door canvassing

19. Green and Gerber’s methods Mailup to.6% effect Phone1-3% effect Door to door canvassing

20. Green and Gerber’s methods Mailup to.6% effect Phone1-3% effect Door to door canvassing 8-12% effect + spillover

21. Green and Gerber Is it an efficient way to increase turnout? $10/hour, 10 contacts an hour, 6% return $16 per new voter?

22. Real World Implications The Bush Campaign: Amway model America Coming Together

23. Republicans can do social science? Karl Rove’s 72 hour Task Force –2000 analysis –2001 experiment –2002 successes –2004 Ohio

24. What could you do to increase turnout? Through public policy? For a particular candidate?

25. How to increase turnout Face to face contacts Focus on irregular voters Make them feel their vote makes a difference (down-ballot???) Emphasize community solidarity Provide them with polling place information

26. Suppressing turnout What could you do to keep people from coming to the polls? Public policy? Campaign strategy?