1. COMM 3170: Introduction to Organizational Communication Summer 2005 Dan Lair d.lair@utah.edu

2. Questions from Chapter 8

3. What is Participation? Participation is “joint decision making” on organizational issues traditionally assignment to management (Seibold and Shea, 2001) Participation is “joint decision making” on organizational issues traditionally assignment to management (Seibold and Shea, 2001) “Participation” v. Involvement (Cotton, 1993) “Participation” v. Involvement (Cotton, 1993) Participation as: Participation as: Programs and practices Programs and practices A philosophy of management A philosophy of management A broad social issue (Glew et al, 1995) A broad social issue (Glew et al, 1995)

4. Participation Programs Can Be Understood By Their…. Origin Origin Forced Forced Voluntary Voluntary Contractually-based Contractually-based Formality Formality Level(s) Level(s) Temporality Temporality Degree of Influence Degree of Influence No participation Consultation Full participation Content Content Social Range Social Range Incentives Incentives

5. Discussion: What form(s) of participation have your organizations adopted/implemented (if any)? What form(s) of participation have your organizations adopted/implemented (if any)? How would you characterize them according to these various characteristics? How would you characterize them according to these various characteristics? Origin Origin Formality Formality Level(s) Level(s) Degree of Influence Degree of Influence Temporality Temporality Content Content Social Range Social Range Incentives Incentives

6. Distinguishing Between Participation Programs

7. Paradoxes of Participation: Tensions to be Managed (Stohl and Cheney, 2000) Paradoxes of Structure Paradoxes of Structure Design Design Adaptation Adaptation Punctuation Punctuation Formalization Formalization Paradoxes of Identity Paradoxes of Identity Commitment Commitment Representation Representation Compatibility Compatibility Paradoxes of Agency Paradoxes of Agency Responsibility Cooperation Sociality Autonomy Paradoxes of Power Paradoxes of Power Control Leadership Homogeneity