1. CANS’‘ 99 Construction, Development and Applications of CERNET: China Education and Research Network Jianping WU Director of CERNET Technical Board Director of CERNET Network Center Prof. of Computer Science, Tsinghua University January 1999

2. CANS’‘ 99 Outline u Internet in China u China Education and Research Network u Growth of CERNET u Major Applications of CERNET u CERNET: Major Infrastructure for Distance Learning in China u Important Issues u Future of CERNET

3. CANS’‘ 99 Internet in China International Links in China (before 1994) CANETCRNTUnetOthers X.25 GECAHKEurope 1988 1994

4. CANS’‘ 99 Internet in China International Links in China (1998) IHEPNCFC BUCT MPTCERNETKEKSprint CAREN 1994 64 K 1994 64 K - 2M to USA 3 X 2M, 128 K to USA, 64K to HK, 64K to Germany 64K from 1995-1997 2 X 2M+45M to USA, 256K +128 K to other 1995 GBN Sprint 1996 2M+256K

5. CANS’‘ 99 Nation-wide Internet Service Providers in China u There are four Nation-wide Internet Service Providers in China –CERNET: China Education and Research Network –CSTNET: China Science and Technology Network –CHINANET: China Public Computer Internet –GBNNET: Golden Bridge Information Network u To be permit to connect with Internet backbone directly, but have to use China Telecom international half circuit u Connect each other, no exchange so far

6. CANS’‘ 99 CERNET CSTNET CHINANET CHINAGBN U. S. A. Germany Hong Kong Japan Singapore >2M X 3 > 2M+45M 64K 2M 10M 512K 2M 64K Canada 2M U K 512K Another Europe Countries JANET and Super JANET China Internet Connectivity's Today

7. CANS’‘ 99 China Internet (near future) CSTNET ChinaNet GBN global Internet ISPs CERNET CNIX

8. CANS’‘ 99 Introduction of CERNET u The first nation-wide academic computer network in China started in 1994 u The CERNET project is funded by the Chinese government and directly managed by the Ministry of Education u The objectives of the CERNET Establish a nation-wide education and research network infrastructure to connect all of the universities, institutes, and schools in China using the up-to-date techniques Establish a nation-wide education and research network infrastructure to connect all of the universities, institutes, and schools in China using the up-to-date techniques

9. CANS’‘ 99 First Phase of CERNET(1994-1997) u A nation-wide backbone which connects eight regional networks and connects them to the global Internet u A national network center u Ten regional network centers u Network management system u Internet applications and China information resources and applications

10. CANS’‘ 99 CERNET Organization u Administration Board u Technical Board u National Network Center u Regional Network Center u Campus Network

11. CANS’‘ 99 tsinghua.edu.cn CERNET Structure CERNET Backbone Regional network campus network campus network campus network Internet Regional network campus network.edu.cn pku.edu.cn

12. CANS’‘ 99 National Network Center u Located in Tsinghua University u Network Operation Center (NOC) u Network Information Center (NIC) u High Performance Computing Center (HPCC) u Accounting u Education and Training Center (ETC) u Others: Telecommunication, Customer Support, Development etc.

13. CANS’‘ 99 Regional Network Center u Regional Network NOC u Regional Network NIC u Regional Network ETC u Customer Support u Regional Network Design and Development

14. CANS’‘ 99 Growth of CERNET ISPs

15. CANS’‘ 99 Growth of CERNET Hosts

16. CANS’‘ 99 Growth of CERNET Users

17. CANS’‘ 99 Beijing 北京 北京 Nanjing 南京 南京 Shanghai 上海 上海 Guangzhou 广州 广州 Wuhan 武汉 武汉 Xian西安 Chengdu 成都 成都 Shenyang 沈阳 沈阳 CERNET Backbone in 1995 USA USA美国 128K 64K 2M ， 1996 年 10 月

18. CANS’‘ 99 Beijing 北京 北京 Nanjing 南京 南京 Shanghai 上海 上海 Guangzhou 广州 广州 Wuhan 武汉 武汉 Xian西安 Chengdu 成都 成都 Shenyang 沈阳 沈阳 USA USA美国 128K 2M 64K CERNET Backbone in 1997 512K

19. CANS’‘ 99 CERNET Structure (1996) NationalBackbone RegionalBackboneRegionalBackbone CampusCampusCampusCampus ……......

20. CANS’‘ 99 2nd Phase of CERNET (1998-1999) u All university and institutes (1000+) will be connected to the CERNET u A lot of school will be connected to the CERNET u High speed backbone and Internet link, regional networks and campus networks u New applications u Become a very important part of China national information infrastructure

21. CANS’‘ 99 北京 南京 上海 广州 武汉 西安 成都 沈阳 USA 美国 128K 2M 64K ＋ 512K CERNET Backbone in 1999 2M X 7 256K 2M ＋ 2M Hong Kong 香港 UK 英国 512K Germany 德国 64K 2X7M

22. CANS’‘ 99 CERNET Structure (1998) NationalBackbone RegionalBackboneRegionalBackbone ProvinceBackboneProvinceBackboneCampus CampusCampus Campus CampusCampus ……............

23. CANS’‘ 99 The Possible Scale of CERNET u China has 9.6 million km 2 territory, 1.2 billion population, 30+ provinces, 500+ cities u China has 1,020 universities with 100,000 graduate students and 2+ million undergraduate students u China has 40,000+ middle schools with 60+ million students u China has 160,000 primary schools with 122 million pupils u The CERNET will be the largest education and research network in the world.

24. CANS’‘ 99 Major Technology of CERNET u Backbone of CERNET –Router + link –IP over DDN, Satellite link, SDH and Fiber u Campus Network –TCP/IP protocol and Web application –Router + Ethernet –Fast Ethernet switch, FDDI switch –ATM –Routing switch

25. CANS’‘ 99 Major CERNET Applications u MIS for Universities u Information Resource Constructions u Admit Students and Job Opportunity u Distance Computing u Distance Learning u Digital Library u Virtual Research Laboratory and Center

26. CANS’‘ 99 CERNET: Major Infrastructure for Distance Learning in China u Very large TV education organization u Satellite communication still importance and useful in China distance learning u Internet and Web-based Technology is the future of distance learning in China u Needs of the Learners have Changed u CERNET will be major infrastructure

27. CANS’‘ 99 Needs of the Learners have Changed Traditional u Institutional learning u Time out for training u School & government dominated u Time & place dependent u Concentrated expertise u Minimum standard u Limited learning choices u Full term courses Information Age u Global learning u Fusion of work & learning u Individual & employer driven u Time & place independent u Dispersed expertise u Personal best u Mass customization u Bytes of learning

28. CANS’‘ 99 Technology Alters the Learning landscape Audio Conferencing Video Conferencing Satellite Chat Rooms Web-based Training Video Tape/Audio Tape CD-ROM Internet/Intranet VOD Email Classroom Kiosk Learning Center Library Lab Different Place Same Place Same Time Different Time

29. CANS’‘ 99 Important Issues u Government Policy u Acceptable Use Policy u Telecommunication Pricing u Management and Security u Chinese Culture u The Future of China’s Internet

30. CANS’‘ 99 Government Policy u Safety and Protection Regulations of the Computer Information System of the People Republic of China (1993) u Temporary Rules for the Management of the International Links of the Computer Information Network of the People Republic of China (1996)

31. CANS’‘ 99 CERNET Acceptable Use Policy u Management Regulations of China Education and Research Network u China Education and Research Network Safety Management Contract u China Education and Research Network Users Regulations

32. CANS’‘ 99 Telecommunication Pricing u Telecommunication Market still isn’t open u Very high Telecommunication Price –International half circuit has 3-5 times than international market in price –Nation-wide transmission line has 10-15 times than international market in price u China Telecom run CHINANET, also run international half circuit and nation-wide transmission line

33. CANS’‘ 99 CERNET Operation Model u Government support construction, but not operation u CERNET operate ourselves started in 1997 u Nation-wide access –For 64K connection, 4800 RMB/per month –For >64K connection, 9600 RMB/per month u International input –5 RMB/per MBytes

34. CANS’‘ 99 The Future of China’s Internet u Hope open telecommunication market u Internet impact on China communication infrastructure u Internet impact on China education u Internet impact on the Chinese culture and Chinese society. u Make China contribution to the global Internet community.

35. CANS’‘ 99 2001: Users = Human Population ?