1. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Introduction to Database Management

2. 1-2 Welcome!  Database technology: crucial to the operation and management of modern organizations  Major transformation in computing skills  Significant time commitment  Exciting journey ahead

3. 1-3 Book Goals  First course in database management  Practical textbook  Fundamentals of relational databases  Data modeling and normalization  Database application development  Database administration and database processing environments  Detailed material

4. 1-4 Outline  Database characteristics  DBMS features  Architectures  Organizational roles

5. 1-5 Initial Vocabulary  Data: raw facts about things and events  Information: transformed data that has value for decision making  Essential to organize data for retrieval and maintenance

6. 1-6 Database Characteristics  Persistent  Inter-related  Shared

7. 1-7 University Database

8. 1-8 Water Utility Database

9. 1-9 Database Management System (DBMS)  Collection of components that support data acquisition, dissemination, storage, maintenance, retrieval, and formatting  Enterprise DBMSs  Desktop DBMSs  Embedded DBMSs  Major part of information technology infrastructure

10. 1-10 Database Definition  Define database structure before using a database  Tables and relationships  SQL CREATE TABLE statement  Graphical tools

11. 1-11 University Database

12. 1-12 University Database (ERD)

13. 1-13 Nonprocedural Access  Query: request for data to answer a question  Indicate what parts of database to retrieve not the procedural details  Improve productivity and improve accessibility  SQL SELECT statement and graphical tools

14. 1-14 Graphical Tool for Nonprocedural Access

15. 1-15 Application Development  Form: formatted document for data entry and display  Report: formatted document for display  Use nonprocedural access to specify data requirements of forms and reports

16. 1-16 Sample Data Entry Form

17. 1-17 Sample Report

18. 1-18 Procedural Language Interface  Combine procedural language with nonprocedural access  Why  Batch processing  Customization and automation  Performance improvement

19. 1-19 Transaction Processing  Transaction: unit of work that should be reliably processed  Control simultaneous users  Recover from failures

20. 1-20 Database Technology Evolution

21. 1-21 DBMS Marketplace  Enterprise DBMS  Oracle: dominates in Unix; strong in Windows  SQL Server: strong in Windows  DB2: strong in mainframe environment  Significant open source DBMSs: MySQL, Firebird, PostgreSQL  Desktop DBMS  Access: dominates  FoxPro, Paradox, Approach, FileMaker Pro

22. 1-22 Data Independence  Software maintenance is a large part (50%) of information system budgets  Reduce impact of changes by separating database description from applications  Change database definition with minimal effect on applications that use the database

23. 1-23 Three Schema Architecture

24. 1-24 Differences among Levels  External  FacultyAssignmentFormView: data required for the form in Slide 16 (Figure 1.9)  FacultyWorkLoadReportView: data required for the report in Slide 17 (Figure 1.10)  Conceptual: tables in Slide 11  Internal  Files needed to store the tables  Extra files to improve performance

25. 1-25 Client-Server Architecture

26. 1-26 Organizational Roles

27. 1-27 Database Specialists  Database administrator (DBA)  More technical  DBMS specific skills  Data administrator  Less technical  Planning role

28. 1-28 Summary  Databases and database technology vital to modern organizations  Database technology supports daily operations and decision making  Nonprocedural access is a crucial feature  Many opportunities to work with databases