Digital Lifestyle: Managing Digital Data and Devices

Digital Lifestyle: Managing Digital Data and Devices
Technology in Action Chapter 8 Digital Lifestyle: Managing Digital Data and Devices This chapter discusses the technology and devices that have led us into a digital lifestyle. It looks at mobile computing devices and discusses their components, features, and capabilities. Along the way, you’ll learn how you can synchronize your mobile devices to make even better use of them and how to have constant access to your digital assets. You will also explore digital video and digital photography, and learn what ubiquitous computing is and how it might affect the future. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Chapter Topics Changes that have brought us a digital lifestyle
The impact of a digital lifestyle Cell phones and smartphones Voice over Internet Protocol Chapter topics include: Changes that have brought us a digital lifestyle The impact of a digital lifestyle Cell phones and smartphones Voice Over Internet Protocol Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Chapter Topics (cont.) Digital media versus analog media
Portable media players How to create and watch digital video Ubiquitous computing Chapter topics include: Digital media versus analog media Portable media players How to create and watch digital video Ubiquitous computing Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Digital Lifestyle: Advantages of a Digital Format
Sounds and images reproduce perfectly Easy distribution Small devices can hold huge media collections Easy access to digital information The advantages of a digital format include the following: Sounds and images are reproduced perfectly. Files and information are easily distributed. Small devices can hold huge collections of media. Digital information is easily accessed. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Cellular Phones and Smartphones
Features include Auto-redial Voice mail Voice-activated dialing Internet access Text messaging Personal information management (PIM) The most full-featured cell phones are categorized as smartphones Cell phones offer all of the features available on traditional telephones, including auto-redial and voice mail. Some cell phones also feature voice-activated dialing, which is important for hands-free operation. In addition, cell phones can offer Internet access, text messaging, personal information management (PIM) features, voice recording, and digital image and video capture. The most full-featured cell phones are categorized as smartphones and often require a data plan from the cell phone provider. Smartphone users are likely to spend a lot of time accessing the Internet to upload and download and data. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

How Cell Phones and Smartphones Work
Analog-to-digital converter chip converts voice sound waves into digital signals. Digital signal processor compresses the signal so it can be sent to another phone. Digital data is transmitted as radio waves. Digital signal processor decompresses incoming calls. When you speak into a cell phone, the sound enters the microphone as a sound wave. Because analog sound waves need to be digitized (that is, converted into a sequence of 1s and 0s that the cell phone’s processor can understand), an analog-to-digital converter chip converts your voice’s sound waves into digital signals. Next, the digital data must be compressed, or squeezed, into the smallest possible space so that it will transmit more quickly to another phone. The processor cannot perform the mathematical operations required at this stage quickly enough, so a specialized chip, called the digital signal processor, is included in a cell phone or smartphone to handle the compression work. Finally, the digital data is transmitted as a radio wave through the cellular network to the destination phone. When you receive an incoming call, the digital signal processor decompresses the incoming message. An amplifier boosts the signal to make it loud enough, and it is then passed on to the speaker, from which you hear the sound. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

How Cell Phones and Smartphones Work (cont.)
Base transceiver station Picks up the request for service Mobile switching center Monitors the strength of the signal When signal is weak, it orders the next base station to take charge of your call When you place a call on a cell phone or smartphone, a base transceiver station picks up the request for service. The station then passes the request to a central location called a mobile switching center. (The reverse process occurs when you receive an incoming call on a cell phone or smartphone.) A telecommunications company builds its network by constructing a series of cells that overlap in an attempt to guarantee that its cell phone and smartphone customers have coverage no matter where they are. As you move during your phone call, the mobile switching center monitors the strength of the signal between your cell phone or smartphone and the closest base station. When the signal is no longer strong enough between your cell phone or smartphone and the base station, the mobile switching center orders the next base station to take charge of your call. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Cell Phone and Smartphone Hardware
Processor (CPU) Coordinates sending data between components Runs the operating system Popular processors include Qualcomm Snapdragon Texas Instruments OMAP Marvell XScale Cell phones and smartphones have some of the same components as a computer does: a processor, memory, and input and output devices. The processor coordinates sending data between the components inside the phone. It also runs the cell phone’s OS, which provides a user interface so you can change phone settings, store information, and so on. Some popular processors are the Qualcomm Snapdragon, Texas Instruments OMAP, and Marvell XScale. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Cell Phone and Smartphone Operating Systems
Translate the user’s commands into instructions for the processor Windows Mobile Windows Phone 7 series OS X (Apple’s iPhone) Palm-developed webOS (Palm Pre) Symbian OS (open source) Android (developed by Google) Many smartphones use the Windows Mobile operating system or the newer Windows Phone 7 series. Apple’s iPhone uses a version of the OS X operating system that is used in Apple’s personal computers, and the Palm Pre uses its own Palm-developed webOS. These operating systems are necessary for translating the user’s commands into instructions for the processor. One popular OS is the Symbian, from the Symbian Foundation, which transitioned to an open source product in The Nokia N8 is one device running a Symbian OS. The most successful open OS is the Android collection developed by Google. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Cell Phone Memory and Storage
ROM stores the operating system and the basic programs. Separate internal memory chips store additional applications and data. Flash cards are used for additional storage. Cell phones do not contain internal hard drives. ROM is used to hold the OS as well as the most basic programs the cell phone runs, such as the calendar, to-do list, and contact list. Separate internal memory chips hold additional applications and any data you load into the cell phone. However, because RAM is volatile storage, and you do not want your data to disappear when you shut off your cell phone, a small amount of power is taken from the battery to keep the data “alive” even while the cell phone is off. For memory needs beyond built-in memory chips, cell phones use flash cards, which can store up to 32 GB of information. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Cell Phone Hardware Input devices Output devices Microphone Keypad
Touch screen Digital camera Output devices Speaker LCD display The input devices for a cell phone are primarily the microphone and a keypad. Some phones have touch-sensitive screens that allow you to input data. In addition, more and more cell phones include digital cameras that can also record video. Cell phone output devices include a speaker and an LCD display. Higher-end models include full-color, high-resolution plasma displays. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Cell Phone and Smartphone Software
Standard software To-do list Contact manager Calendar Additional software Microsoft Word, Excel, Outlook, and PowerPoint Games Tools Reference applications Many cell phones and smartphones come with a standard collection of software, such as a to-do list, contact manager, and calendar. Software applications such as modified versions of Word and Excel are also available for cell phones and smartphones. Although these programs are not as full featured as their desktop counterparts, they can read and create files that can be transmitted to full-version applications on your home computer. In addition, a variety of games, tools, and reference applications are available for cell phones and smartphones. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Cell Phone/Smartphone File Transfer and Synchronization
Cell phone and smartphone files can be transferred to a desktop Flash card readers Cradles Synchronizing updates files on the cell phone/smartphone and desktop Sync cables Windows Sync Center Wireless transfers IrDA Bluetooth If you’re transferring data from your cell phone or smartphone to a computer and the computer accepts the type of flash card you’re using, you can simply pull the flash card out of your cell phone or smartphone and slip it into the flash card reader on your computer. Another way to transfer data from your cell phone or smartphone to a desktop is by using a device called a cradle. You can also use the cell phone or smartphone cradle to synchronize your cell phone or smartphone with your computer. The process of updating your data so the files on your cell phone or smartphone and computer are the same is called synchronizing. To synchronize your desktop and cell phone or smartphone, you place the phone in its cradle and touch a sync button. Microsoft has integrated synchronization into the Windows operating system. This feature is known as Sync Center Many cell phones and smartphones include an IrDA port that transmits data signals using infrared light waves. Another type of wireless connection available for cell phones and smartphones is Bluetooth, which uses radio waves to transmit data signals over short distances (about feet). Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Wireless File Transfer and Synchronization
Web services synchronize , files, contacts, and calendars wirelessly Apple’s MobileMe pushes changes on iPhone, iPad, desktop computer, and notebook computer to all other devices Google Sync backs up Google , calendar, events, and contacts online Amazon’s Kindle automatically updates the new page you are on between devices Web services are available to synchronize your , files, contacts, and calendars instantly and wirelessly. These Web services follow the model of “cloud computing,” where Internet-based services and resources are distributed to users instead of being installed as an application on the user’s computer. Some synchronization services charge a fee, like MobileMe from Apple. For a $99 annual fee, you can make sure the same files are always on your iPhone, your iPad, your home desktop, and your notebook computer. As soon as information is changed on one device, it is automatically “pushed” out to all the other devices, updating their files as well. If you lose your iPhone or iPad, MobileMe lets you log in and display its location on a map. Google Sync works with iPhones, Blackberry phones, Symbian, and Windows Mobile devices, and it’s free. All of your Google , calendar events, and contacts are automatically backed up online instantly on the Google servers. The Amazon Kindle uses wireless synchronization so that if you read a bit further in your ebook on your phone, when you get to your office, the Kindle software on your PC will have automatically updated your bookmark to the new page you’re on. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Cell Phone and Smartphone Text Messaging
Short Message Service (SMS) Sends messages of up to 160 characters Multimedia Message Service (MMS) Sends text, sound, images, and video clips Microbrowser software Wireless Markup Language (WML) Short Message Service (SMS; often just called text messaging) is a technology that allows you to send short text messages (up to 160 characters) over mobile networks. To send SMS messages from your cell phone or smartphone, you simply use the numeric keypad or a presaved template and type in your message. An extension of SMS, called Multimedia Message Service (MMS), allows you to send messages that include text, sound, images, and video clips to other phones or addresses. Microbrowser software provides a Web browser that is optimized to display Web content effectively on the smaller screen. Web sites are being created with content specifically designed for wireless devices. This specially designed content, which is text based and contains no graphics, is written in a format called Wireless Markup Language (WML). Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Cell Phone and Smartphone Internet Connectivity
Wireless Internet service provider Often phone company that provides calling plans Internet connectivity plans, usually known as data plans Often include text messaging Just as you pay an Internet service provider (ISP) for Internet access for your desktop or notebook computer, connecting your smart phone to the Internet requires that you have a wireless Internet service provider (or wireless ISP). Phone companies that provide phone calling plans (such as T-Mobile, Verizon, and Cingular) usually double as wireless ISPs. Internet connectivity plans, and often text messaging plans, usually are known as data plans. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Cell Phone and Smartphone Internet Connectivity
3G and Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution (EDGE) Allow connectivity speeds of up to 1.4 Mbps Conditions must be ideal to get this transfer rate More reliable and less susceptible to interference than Wi-Fi 4G networks are being rolled out Connection speeds currently 3 to 6 Mbps Providers have introduced many smartphones that support fast data transfer based on two standards: EDGE (short for Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution) and 3G. EDGE and 3G have brought mobile devices much faster data transfer with rates as high as 1.4 Mbps (or more) under ideal conditions. Using smartphones that support EDGE or 3G and a phone plan that allows data transfer, both uploading information (such as messages that include photos) and downloading information (such as from a company intranet or the Internet) can take place much more quickly. 4G networks are beginning to be rolled out across the country. 4G currently offers connection speeds of up to 3 to 6 Mbps. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Cell Phone and Smartphone Internet Connectivity (cont.)
MiFi devices Create a mobile hot spot Fit in a shirt pocket Run up to four hours on a single charge Connects to the Internet through 3G network Distributes WiFi signal over 30 feet iPhone 3G Bluetooth tethering gives computer Internet access using 3G signal MiFi (pronounced “my fi”) devices will instantly create a mobile hot spot for you. The MiFi can fit in a shirt pocket and run for up to four hours on a single charge. It connects to the Internet through the 3G wireless phone network and then distributes the WiFi signal over an area of 30 feet. These personal hot spots can then support up to five WiFi-enabled devices. An iPhone 3G has a similar capability. It can connect to your notebook computer through wireless Bluetooth, and then provide Internet access through the 3G network signal. This “Bluetooth tethering” makes sure your computer can access the Internet even when it tells you there are no available wireless networks as long as you have 3G signal. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
A standard Internet connection can be used to make a phone call Basic requirements for VoIP include: Speakers Microphone Internet connection VoIP provider Allows free or low-cost long distance Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) uses a standard Internet connection to make a phone call, including long-distance calls. Basic requirements for VoIP include the following: Speakers Microphone Internet connection VoIP provider For people who make many long-distance phone calls, the advantage of VoIP is its free or low cost. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Cell Phone and Smartphone Security
Viruses can target cell phones Antivirus software for mobile devices Symantec McAfee F-Secure Keep your cell phone or smartphone number private Use a virtual phone number Viruses can target cell phones. Symantec, McAfee, and F-Secure are the leading companies currently providing antivirus software for mobile devices. You can keep your cell phone or smartphone number private by using a virtual phone number. A virtual phone number is a phone number you create that can be assigned to ring on existing phone numbers (such as your cell phone or smartphone). Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Portable Media Players (PMPs)
Small devices that store and play music Many also handle video and still images Many formats for storing files MP3, AAC, and WMA for music DivX, MPEG-4, WMV and XviD for video How much music/video can be stored depends on the PMP’s storage space Portable media players (PMPs) are small portable devices (such as an iPod) that enable the playing of music files anywhere. Many companies manufacture PMPs that handle video and still images as well as music files. MP3 is a popular format for efficiently storing music as digital files or a series of bits. AAC and WMA are also used. Digital files (using special data formats such as DivX or MPEG-4) can hold video, audio, or images. The number of songs a PMP can hold depends on how much storage space it has. Inexpensive PMPs use built-in flash memory, a type of nonvolatile memory, to store files. Some of the PMPs that use flash memory allow you to add storage capacity by purchasing removable flash memory cards. Other PMPs use a hard disk drive and can store a much larger amount of music. Another factor that determines how much music a player can hold is the quality of the MP3 music files. The sampling rate is the number of times per second the music is measured and converted to a digital value. The higher the sampling rate, the better quality the sound, but the larger the file size. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Other Choices for Portable Media Management
Some digital camera models Sony Playstation Portable Global positioning systems (GPS) A number of electronic devices now incorporate the capability to carry electronic files and play music and video files. Some models of digital cameras, such as the Samsung NV3, have support for playing both music and videos. Gaming devices such as the Sony PlayStation Portable (PSP) allow you to play video games, play music and video files, and browse the Internet. In the last few years, stand-alone global positioning system (GPS) devices have dropped dramatically in price and size. Now these small, handheld units organize music and photos as well as deliver turn-by-turn instructions and real-time traffic information. Full-featured GPS models such as the Garmin Nuvi 705 series include MP3 players, audio book players, and the capability to display photos and connect to the Internet. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

PMP Flash Memory Flash cards can add memory to portable media players
Nonvolatile Quiet Use very little power Hold between 64 MB and 4 GB of data Some PMPs allow you to add removable flash memory cards. Flash memory cards are quiet and light, use very little power, and slide into a special slot in the player. Because flash memory is nonvolatile, when you store data on a flash memory card, you won’t lose it when you turn off the player. In addition, flash memory can be erased and rewritten with new data. Different models of MP3 players support only certain types of flash cards, so check your manual to be sure you buy compatible memory cards. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Legal Music Downloads Tethered downloads DRM-free downloads
You pay for the music and you own it You are subjected to restrictions on its use DRM-free downloads No digital rights management on the files Song files can be moved from system to system and shared among users Music can be downloaded legally in a number of different ways: With tethered downloads, you pay for the music and own it but are subject to restrictions on its use. Another approach to purchasing digital music is to buy DRM-free music, which is music without any digital rights management. These song files can be moved freely from system to system. For example, Apple’s iTunes store currently sells DRM-free songs that can be placed on as many computers or players as you wish. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Legal Music Downloads (cont.)
Subscription services Unlimited downloads to your PMP Songs usable only as long as you pay your monthly subscription fee Other sites offer subscription services. For a monthly fee, Napster to Go, for instance, allows you to download as many songs as you like to your MP3 player. These songs will be usable only as long as you are paying the monthly subscription fee. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Podcasting Competes with radio and television
Podcasts can be information, radio or TV shows, books on tape, audio plays, etc. People can listen when they wish Can use podcasting software to automatically transfer new content Podcasting allows users to download audio and video content and then listen to those broadcasts on their PMPs whenever they want. Podcasting is paving the way toward the ability of anyone to create a radio show at home and easily distribute it to an audience. Loyal fans can use podcasting to find the latest episodes and automatically transfer them to their portable media players. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Digital Navigation Global positioning system (GPS)
Unit size and price have fallen dramatically Deliver turn-by-turn driving instructions New cars often come with a GPS installed Can be accessed through a PDA or smartphone or added to a notebook Built and operated by U.S. Dept. of Defense Can determine geographical location anywhere on the planet to within 3 feet Stand-alone GPS (global positioning system) devices have dropped dramatically in price and size. They deliver turn-by-turn instructions and real-time traffic information. Most automotive companies now offer GPS systems as installed options in their vehicles. GPS navigation can be added to any vehicle using a portable GPS device or a PDA or smartphone equipped with GPS, or by adding GPS software and accessories to your notebook. Built and operated by the U.S. Department of Defense, the global positioning system is a network of 21 satellites (plus 3 working spares) that constantly orbit the Earth. GPS devices use an antenna to pick up the signals from these satellites and use special software to transform those signals into latitude and longitude. Using the information obtained from the satellites, GPS devices can determine the geographical location anywhere on the planet to within 3 feet. Cellular phone providers offer plans (for a monthly fee) that allow you to track where a phone is at any given time via a Web site. Full-featured GPS models such as the Garmin Nuvi 705 series include MP3 players, audio book players, and the capability to display photos and connect to the Internet. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Digital Photography Does not use film See your images instantly
Image quality factors Quality of lenses File format and compression Color management software Resolution: Number of data points recorded for an image JPEG: Most common format Digital cameras do not use film, and you can see your images instantly. There are hundreds of digital cameras to choose from. Image quality is determined by many factors: the quality of the lenses used, the file format and compression used, and the color management software, along with the resolution, or the number of data points it records for each image captured. Digital cameras are better than cell phone and smartphone cameras, primarily because they are capable of achieving higher image resolutions. The most common file format to store digital phototograpy in is Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) format. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Digital Video Digital video can be captured using
Digital video cameras Cell phones or smartphones Webcams Digital video software allows you to Edit digital video Review clips frame by frame Reorder segments Correct color, balance, brightness, or contrast Digital video that you watch comes from several sources, but now people often create their own digital videos. As a video creator, you can purchase dedicated digital camcorders to record digital video. Most cell phones and smartphones can record short videos, as well as digital still shots. Webcams are inexpensive devices for creating digital video as well. Digital video software can be used to edit your video. Digital video software allows you to: Edit digital video Review clips frame by frame Reorder segments Correct color, balance, brightness, or contrast Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Digital Video Files Common file formats
QuickTime MPEG RealMedia AVI Consider codecs when choosing file formats Rules that squeeze audio and video information into less space Your choice of file format for your finished video will depend on what you want to do with your video. For example, the QuickTime streaming file format is a great choice if your file is really large and you plan to post it on the Web. The Microsoft AVI format is a good choice if you’re sending your file to a wide range of users because it’s extremely popular and commonly accepted as the standard video format for the Windows Media Player. You also can try different compression choices to see which one does a better job of compressing your particular file. Codecs (compression/decompression) are rules, implemented in either software or hardware, that squeeze the same audio and video information into less space. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Getting Your Video Out to Viewers
Transfer your video from digital device to computer USB Special sync cable Special devices can transfer video directly to YouTube Choose method of distribution YouTube DVD Webcast To distribute your video to viewers, you first need to transfer your video to your computer, usually using a USB cable or special sync cable that comes with your video device. There are also devices available such as the Flip video camera that allow direct transfer to YouTube. After transferring your video, choose a distribution method. Options include YouTube, live Webcast, or DVD. If you choose to distribute your video via DVD, there is special authoring software, such as Pinnacle, that allows you to prepare your video for DVD and also create a menu system such as those seen on commercial DVDs. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Access to Digital Assets
Netbooks Run fully featured OSs Weigh less than two pounds Internet tablets Lightweight, very portable No keyboard Notebook computers All capabilities of a desktop Might weigh more than other two If you’re on the road a lot and need to be able to access your digital assets away from home, there are many devices available that can help you do just that. Some of these devices include the following: Netbooks, also known as subnotebooks, run fully featured operating systems and weigh less than two pounds. Internet tablets are lightweight and very portable, but don’t have a keyboard. Notebook computers provide all the capabilities of a desktop computer, but might weigh more than other portable devices. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Other Devices to Consider
Sony PlayStation Portable Internet access Stores data files, videos, music, and images Apple iPad 9.7” multitouch screen Weighs only 1.5 pounds Full-color Amazon Kindle Stores up to 3,500 e-books Specialized computing devices designed for mobility are hitting the market with greater regularity. Many portable gaming systems are very sophisticated. The Sony PlayStation Portable (PSP) can play video games but also includes a Web browser, Skype, and an RSS reader. The Apple iPad has a touch keyboard that is almost full size in landscape mode. It has a 9.7” multitouch screen and weighs in at only 1.5 pounds. It has a full-color display and supports video viewing, music, Internet browsing, and thousands of apps. For avid readers of e-books, the Amazon Kindle or Sony Reader Digital Book could be just what you are looking for. The newest version of the Kindle holds up to 3,500 e-books and has free Internet access. Amazon Kindle Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Ubiquitous Computing Computing that is inseparable from our everyday lifestyle Digital computing devices are increasingly embedded in appliances, clothing, cars—all the items we physically interact with in our day. This inclusion of computing in our everyday lifestyle is referred to as ubiquitous computing. Researchers and inventors are creating devices that exploit the new digital nature of our world to make tasks easier. For example: WineM is a “smart” wine rack. Each bottle is labeled with a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag when it is stored by the owner. When it is time to pick the perfect bottle for dinner, the owner can ask the wine rack to show just the Chardonnay, and LEDs light up just those bottles. At most major street corners in Germany there is a rack of Call a Bikes. Place a call to the phone number printed on the bike and it texts you a code you can use to unlock the bike lock. Ride the bike around and when you've arrived, you lock it. The amount of time you rode it automatically gets billed (by the minute) to your phone. Shopping now begins with price comparison tools. These “location aware” tools compare prices between nearby stores and then also compare the prices with the best prices available online. Marketers also have to be aware of the phenomenon of “crowdsourcing”—checking in with the voice of the crowd. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Chapter 8 Summary Questions
What are the changes that have brought us a digital lifestyle? What are the changes that have brought us a digital lifestyle? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

How has the move to digital information affected the communication tools important to both the business world and life outside of work? How has the move to digital information affected the communication tools important to both the business world and life outside of work? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

How do cell/smartphone components resemble a traditional computer, and how do they work? How do cell/smartphone components resemble a traditional computer, and how do they work? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

What can I carry in a portable media player, and how does it store data? What can I carry in a portable media player, and how does it store data? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 44

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