1. 1 ICEBERG MiniRetreat August 11-12 1998 Berkeley City Club Randy H. Katz Anthony D. Joseph Computer Science Division University of California Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 Cellular “Core” Network Bridge to the Future Telecomms

2. 2 MiniRetreat Goals & Technology Transfer UC Berkeley Project Team Ericsson Sponsors People Project Status Work in Progress Prototype Technology Early Access to Technology Promising Directions Reality Check Feedback

3. 3 MiniRetreat Schedule Tuesday, August 11: 0730 - 0830Breakfast 0830 - 1000 Project Overview ICEBERG Project NINJA Project ICEBERG Status Demonstration Overview 1000 - 1030Break 1030 - 1200Research Progress I BTS-IP Integration Effort RLP/TCP Measurement and Evaluation Testbed 1200 - 1300Lunch

4. 4 MiniRetreat Schedule Tuesday, August 11: 1300 - 1430Research Progress II Speech Services and Room Control Service Discovery Service 1430 - 1500Break/Walk to Soda Hall 1500 - 1730Demos and Posters in Soda Hall BTS-IP Integration IVR Application BTS-IP and IVR Application Information Dissemination (NYT to GSM) RLP-TCP Analysis Tools Iceberg Project Posters 1730 - 1800Walk to Mandarin Garden’s Restaurant 1800 - Dinner

5. 5 MiniRetreat Schedule Wednesday, August 12: 0800 - 0900Breakfast 0900 - 1030Ericsson Presentations Bluetooth: Joakim Persson Smart Phones: Bharat Madan Core Networks:: Martin Korling 1030 - 1100Break 1100 - 1200ICEBERG-Ninja Integration, Eric Brewer, David Culler 1200 - 1300Lunch 1300 - 1430Breakout Discussion Groups Computing platforms beyond the desktop: smart spaces Security issues for Iceberg networks and services 1430 - 1500Break 1500 - 1530Report Back from Breakout Groups 1530 - 1600Discussion of Next Steps 1600 -Adjourn

6. 6 ICEBERG: Internet-based core for CEllular networks BEyond the thiRd Generation Next Generation Internet BSC EIR AUC HLR VLR Corporate Intranetwork GW BS HA FA HA FA Proxy Server GSM Core (IP-Based) MSC

7. 7 Emerging Communications Infrastructure of the Future The Challenge –Network-based applications becoming increasingly service intensive –Computational resources embedded in the switching fabric –Dealing with heterogeneity, true utility functionality, security & service discovery, in an open, extensible network environment Computing –Legacy servers –Partition functionality for “small” clients Communications –High bandwidth backbones plus diverse access networks »Third generation cellular systems »Home networking

8. 8 “From POTS to PANS: Telecommunications in Transition” “Today, the telecommunications sector is beginning to reshape itself, from a vertically to a horizontally structured industry. … [I]t used to be that new capabilities were driven primarily by the carriers. Now, they are beginning to be driven by the users. … There’s a universe of people out there who have a much better idea than we do of what key applications are, so why not give those folks the opportunity to realize them. … The smarts have to be buried in the ‘middleware’ of the network, but that is going to change as more-capable user equipment is distributed throughout the network. When it does, the economics of this industry may also change.” George Heilmeier, Chairman Emeritus, Bellcore

9. 9 Important Trends Multimedia over IP networks –Next Generation Internet with features for “soft” QoS –RSVP, Class-based Queuing, Link Scheduling Voice over IP networks –Packet Voice and Video –RTP and ALF Intelligence shifts to the network edges –Better, more agile software-based voice and video codecs Programmable intelligence inside the network –Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure –TACC model & Java code: “write once, run anywhere” Implications for cellular network infrastructure of the 21st century?

10. 10 Issues Scalability –Must scale to support hundreds of thousands of simultaneous users in a region the size of the SF Bay Area Functionality –Computer-phone integration –Real-time, multipoint/multicast, location-aware services, security –Home networking, “active” spaces, sensors/actuators First Principles-based Design –Leverage evolving IP traffic models –Provisioning the network for the extrapolated traffic and services –ProActive Infrastructure »Computing resources spread among switching infrastructure »Computationally intensive services: e.g., voice-to-text »Service and server discovery

11. 11 High-tier Low-tier Satellite High Mobility Low Mobility Wide Area Regional Area Local Area BARWAN Wireless Overlays: Ubiquitous Connectivity Seamless mobility among local and wide-area wireless networks via vertical handoff

12. BARWAN Proxies: Scalable Support for Heterogeneous Clients Cache control To Internet SAN (high speed) Utility (10baseT) Coordination bus $ Cache partition... Datatype-specific distiller $ $ $ $ $ $ html gif jpg Front End Front End PTM Control Panel Control Panel NOW Cluster

13. 13 BARWAN: Support for Thin Clients Top Gun Wingman –World’s only graphical browser for PalmPilot –Greater than 10,000 users worldwide Top Gun MediaBoard –Combines MASH tools with proxy –Interoperates with laptops, workstations Superiority of proxy-based approach to enabling “thin” clients successfully demonstrated

14. 14 ICEBERG Project Vision Third Generation Cellular Architectures: –Will support diverse air interfaces with different coverage, bandwidth, latency characteristics »TDMA, CDMA, wide-area, local-area, satellite, etc. –Segregated circuit-switching for voice and packet- switching for data (e.g., GPRS) We Will Go Beyond the Third Generation: –A lower cost, more flexible core network can be built using full packet-switching techniques –Delay sensitive and delay insensitive flows are easier to support at the same time in a full packet-switching architecture –Processing embedded in the network enables more rapid deployment of new kinds of applications and services

15. 15 ICEBERG Project Goals Exploit Expertise in IP Protocol Suite and Proxy Architectures to –Demonstrate ease of new service deployment »Packet voice for computer-telephony integration »Speech- and location-enabled applications »Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the four P’s: PDAs, pads, pagers, phones) »Mobility and generalized routing redirection –Demonstrate new system architecture to support innovative applications »Personal Information Management Universal In-box: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager »Home networking and control of “smart” spaces, sensor/actuator integration Build on experience with Colab, 306/405 Soda

16. 16 ICEBERG Project Goals Understand –Implications for cellular network design based on IP technology »IP network provisioning for scalability »Pragmatic QoS for delay-sensitive flows »Multinetwork mobility and security support –How to use the emerging Ninja/Active Services infrastructure to »Encapsulate existing applications services like speech-to-text »Deploy and manage such computationally intensive services in the network »Integrate other kinds of services, like mobility and redirection, inside the network

17. 17 Proactive “NINJA” Computing Infrastructure Computing resources inside the routing topology, not just at the leaves Paths chosen for location of operators as much as for shortest # of hops Mobile code that specializes the services provided by servers Mobility, management of bottleneck links, “integration” services, service handoff Server Client Proxy Router Compute Node

18. 18 Project Areas Mobility Management Packet Scheduling in GPRS and W-CDMA Proxy- and Multicast-Enabled Services

19. 19 Mobility Management Mobile IP-GSM Mobility Interworking –Mobile IP-GSM authentication interworking –Scalability of Mobile IP/hierarchical agents Multicast support for mobility –Alternative approach for mobility based on M/C addresses –Exploit multicast routing to reach mobile nodes without explicit handoff –Combine with real-time delivery of voice and video Generalized redirection agents –Policy-based redirection: e.g., 1-800 service, email to pagers, etc. –Redirection agents collocated with multicast tree branching points

20. 20 Packet Scheduling Validated ns modeling suite for GSM media access, link layer, routing, and transport layers –GSM channel error models QoS-aware High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), General Packet Radio System (GPRS), and Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) link scheduling –RSVP signaling integration with bottleneck link scheduling –Fairness and utilization for TCP and RTP flows –Delay bound scheduling for R/T streams –Exploiting asymmetries in downstream/upstream slot assignment, CDMA self-interference

21. 21 New Services Proxies for Telephony-Computing Integration –GSM-vat-RTP interworking: handset-computer integration –Encapsulating complex data transformations »Speech-to-text, text-to-speech –Composition of services »Voice mail-to-email, email-to-voice mail –Location-aware information services »E.g., traffic reports –Multicast-enabled information services »Multilayered multicast: increasing level of detail as number of subscribed layers increase

22. 22 Personal Information Management Universal In-box Policy-based Location-based Activity-based Speech-to-Voice Mail Speech-to-Voice Attached-Email Call-to-Pager/Email Notification Email-to-Speech All compositions of the above!

23. 23 Smart Spaces Walk into a A/V room and control everything with your own wireless PDA –Services for each device –Automated discovery and use –Automated UI generation –Composite behaviors –Local scope, no authentication (yet) Phones as well as PalmPilots –Speech-enabled control

24. 24 OfficePSTN (Teaching): 510-642-8778 OfficePSTN (Chair): 510-642-0253 DeskIP: dreadnaught.cs.berkeley.edu:555 LaptopIP: polo.cs.berkeley.edu:555 PCS: 510-388-8778 Cellular: 510-409-6040 E-mail: randy@cs.berkeley.edu Home: 415-555-1212 OfficePSTN (Teaching): 510-642-8778 OfficePSTN (Chair): 510-642-0253 DeskIP: dreadnaught.cs.berkeley.edu:555 LaptopIP: polo.cs.berkeley.edu:555 PCS: 510-388-8778 Cellular: 510-409-6040 E-mail: randy@cs.berkeley.edu Home: 415-555-1212 “Randy@Berkeley” An Entity has a universal name and a profile; Entities are people or processes Universal Names: Globally unique IDs Profile: set of domain-specific names Service Mobility as a First-Class Object

25. 25 Potentially Any Network Service (PANS) 2-way Paging WIP GSM PSTN IP Iceberg Access Points (Beyond H.323 gateways) Provide policy engine Handle routing, security IAP Same service in different networks Service handoff between networks E.g., “follow me” service e.g., any-to-any service

26. 26 Project Strategy Analyze Existing Systems Design Next Generation Implement New System ns & BONES Simulations -- Ericsson channel error models -- GSM-based infrastructure -- GSM media access & link layer GSM Infrastructure Elements -- Data over PBMS GSM Network -- GSM Base Station -- Integration with IP-infrastructure Prototype Elements -- Handset/computer integration -- Java-enabled components -- ProActive infrastructure

27. 27 Project Schedule Year 1: 1998 –ns & BONES modeling, validation –GSM BTS-IP integration –Initial design of mobility interworking and intelligent networking services Year 2: 1999 –GSM-Wireless LAN integration –Design of information-push applications –Implement mobility interworking Year 3: 2000 –Extend testbed with W-CDMA and GPRS –Roaming, scheduling, new applications demonstrations –Fine-tuning and documentation

28. 28 NINJA: A Service Architecture for Internet-Scale Systems Eric Brewer, David Culler, Anthony Joseph, Randy Katz Ninjutsu is a stealth and espionage-oriented art which saw its greatest development in the 13th to early 17th centuries in Japan. Its practitioners, the ninja, were warrior-assassin-spies; most belonged to the Iga and Koga mountain clans. They were the supreme reconnaissance experts and saboteurs of their day.

29. 29 Internet-Scale Systems Extremely large, complex, distributed, heterogeneous, with continuous and rapid introduction of new technologies Feasible architectures –Decentralized, scalable algorithms –Dynamically deployed agents where they are needed; “Big infrastructure, small clients” –Incremental processing/communications growth –Careful violation of traditional layering Implementation approach based on incremental prototyping, deployment, evaluation, experimentation

30. 30 NINJA Builds on Berkeley’s Systems Building Expertise BARWAN Wireless Overlay Networks Scalable Proxies BARWAN Wireless Overlay Networks Scalable Proxies MASH Collaboration Applications Active Services MASH Collaboration Applications Active Services RTPGateway Service Discovery vic, vat, wb TranSend TACC Model Wireless Access MASH Toolkit Active Services Model NOW/Millennium Computing Platform NOW/Millennium Computing Platform NINJA Scalable, Secure Services Computation in the Network “Smart Spaces” as an app Event-Response Programmable Access NINJA Scalable, Secure Services Computation in the Network “Smart Spaces” as an app Event-Response Programmable Access

31. 31 NINJA: A Service Architecture that Provides... Tinkertoy wide-area components Automatic discovery, composition, and use Powerful operators: clusters, databases, and agents Viable component economics: subscription, pay per use Supports great devices, sensors, actuators Connects everything: ubiquitous support for access and mobility

32. 32 NINJA Infrastructure Focus on component services Vertically “integrated” servicesComponent Services E.g., dynamic composition, rapid deployment, reuse, data only, UI defined dynamically based on device/connection, competition at every level … Units (end devices), Active Routers (soft-state), Bases (persistent state) Operators, typed connectors, and paths

33. 33 NINJA Computing Platform Information Devices (~10 Billion) Connected Stationary Computers (~100 Million) Scalable Servers (~Million) Units Active routers Bases “Small Devices, Big Infrastructure”

34. 34 NINJA Service Architecture: Basic Elements of the Model Units: –sensors/actuators –PDAs/SmartPhones –Laptops, PCs, NCs –heterogeneous Active Routers: –soft-state –basestations –localization –local mobility support Bases: –highly available –persistent state –databases –computing –agents –“home” base per user –“global” mobility support

35. 35 NINJA Service Architecture Operators/Connectors/Interfaces Paths –Wide-Area Paths –Interface Interconnection –Path Optimization Services –Service Discovery –Automatic Path Generation Example Applications –Universal remote control/smart spaces –Universal In-Box/Personal Information Management

36. 36 Emerging Distributed System Architecture Spanning Processing and Access Computing and Communications Platform: Millennium/NOW Distributed Computing Services: NINJA Active Services Architecture MASH Media Processing Services Distributed Videoconferencing Room-scale Collaboration TranSend Extensible Proxy Services ICEBERG Computer-Telephony Services Speech and Location Aware Applications Personal Information Management and “Smart Spaces”

37. 37 Experimental Testbed Network Infrastructure GSM BTS Millennium Cluster WLAN Pager IBM WorkPad CF788 MC-16 Motorola Pagewriter 2000 Text Speech Image/OCR 306 Soda 326 Soda “Colab” 405 Soda Ericsson Smart Spaces Personal Information Management Fax

38. 38 Internet-Scale Systems Research Group Lead the evolution of the Internet through long-term research combined with the deployment of novel real- world large-scale systems and protocols –Unify on-going and future research projects in distributed computing, network protocols, services, access, new applications –Facilitate technology transfer and standardization –Work closely with industrial partners in an open laboratory environment We consider Ericsson to be a charter member

39. 39 Industrial Sponsors: Committed and Potential Ericsson IBM Lucent Motorola Sun Microsystems ATT France Telecomm Intel Microsoft NTT PBMS Sprint Xerox 3COM

40. 40 NINJA and ICEBERG NINJA: Distributed Service Architecture –Service model based on Operators, Paths, Services –Platform model based on Units, Active Routers, Bases ICEBERG: Computer-Telephony Integration –IP-based backbone for cellular networks »Mobility and service interoperability in the context of diverse access networks »Performance issues: GPRS scheduling and IP scaling for mobile telephony applications »New services: Smart Spaces and PIM Internet Systems Research Group –Enhanced collaborations between Ericsson and UC Berkeley