2. The Problem Increased laser strikes noted by airlines. Prevalence has increased throughout North America. Pilot and aircrew health and safety are at risk. OPERATOR OPERATOR, OPERATOR Operational input vital to success

3. Lasers and the Eye

4. Lasers I-Not so serious (Bad through optics) II-serious III-More serious IIIB-Getting more serious IV-Most serious

5. Perception of lasers - What do you see? Similar to exposure to bright lights Glare-obscured vision Flashblindness Afterimages Distraction and startle

6. Glare on Windscreen

7. Flight Performance

8. Symptoms following a Laser Strike Burning pain at sclera or cornea (pink eye) Strong afterimage (green for red laser, red for green laser) Difficulty perceiving colours Visual disorientation and headache Psychological effects

9. Perception of After-image-Demo-fixate dot 30 s

11. What can we do? Training Program –Awareness training aircrew/management Advance Safety Management System –Develop SOPs –Develop Internal Review Process –Develop Medical protocol

12. How do we get there? Comprehensive Laser Strike Protection Program –Phase 1 – Training and Program Analysis –Phase 2 – Implement Training Program –Phase 3 – Implement Medical Protocol –Phase 4 – Explore protective technologies

13. End State – Training and Medical Protocol Train ophthalmologists, aircrew, and support staff Implement pre-and post laser strike database Database and training program management

14. Questions Contact: Dr. Todd Macuda Vice President BD Gladstone Aerospace Consulting 331 Somerset Street West, 2nd Floor Ottawa, Canada K2P 0J8 Tel: 613-596-1105 Cell: 613-878-2725 Fax: 613-482-4831 tmac@gladstoneac.com