1. Deep ocean adaptations The clam Calyptogena magnifica, which lives on deep-sea vents, depends on a bacterium to supply it with nutrients; the bacterium is transmitted through the clam’s eggs. The same goes for our mitochondria — the remnants of bacteria that live in our cells and provide us with energy. http://judson.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/04/08/a-mutual-affair/index.html http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/22/science/22deep.html?_r=1&ref=sci ence&oref=slogin

2. Important Dates: Thursday, April 30: boat field trip from 11 am – 1 pm Meeting at the boat dock 10:50 am; Boat Leaves exactly at 11 am! Jacket, closed shoes, sunscreen, water are must! Tuesday, May 5: Invasive species class at the boat dock 11-12:15; if weather allows; FINAL EXAM: HW part on Tuesday, May 12 to prepare for the Final week of May 18 (group work and individual questions similar to MID- TERM); Please - NO MAKEUPS!

3. Article: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/08/science/08fish.html?ex=1208318400&en=c81b1195b68e2f90&ei=5070&emc=eta1 Sounds: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2008/04/07/science/20080408_FISH_FEATURE.html# SOUNDS IN THE OCEAN

4. http://www.listenforwhales.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx ?pid=467&srcid=430http://www.listenforwhales.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx ?pid=467&srcid=430 A new buoy system off the Massachusetts coast helps scientists track right whales and warn ships of their presence. http://link.brightcove.com/services/link/bcpid1185143625 /bctid1488623605 http://link.brightcove.com/services/link/bcpid1185143625 /bctid1488623605 http://www.listenforwhales.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx ?pid=437 http://www.listenforwhales.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx ?pid=437 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/brp/update-items/right- whale-projectshttp://www.birds.cornell.edu/brp/update-items/right- whale-projects

5. The speed of sound in water increases with increasing water temperature, increasing salinity and increasing pressure (depth). The approximate change in the speed of sound with a change in each property is: Temperature 1°C = 4.0 m/s Salinity 1PSU = 1.4 m/s Depth (pressure) 1km = 17 m/s Ocean speed of sound ~1500 m/s; Air speed of sound ~ 344m/s

6. http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=2492

7. Seafloor Mapping Methods USGS

8. Mapping seafloor surficial geological habitat in Massachusetts state waters

9. Seafloor Mapping of Stellwagen Bank & Massachusetts Bay completed by scientists at USGS, Woods Hole 1994-1998 1994 2007 2001 2002-2004 20032004 Mapping Begins & Continues 2006 2008+

10. Changing physical and chemical properties of the ocean: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080929144116.htm

11. Bloop http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations /sound01/background/seasounds/media/bl oop.htmlhttp://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations /sound01/background/seasounds/media/bl oop.html Hydrophones: http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/acoustics/ haru_system.htmlhttp://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/acoustics/ haru_system.html

12. Sensing oceans from space http://www.marine.csiro.au/LeafletsFolder/4 8sensing/48.htmlhttp://www.marine.csiro.au/LeafletsFolder/4 8sensing/48.html TOPEX/POSEIDON, identified three El Nino events in 1992-93 and 1994-95, and in 1997-98 during sea level observations of the Pacific Ocean.

13. http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/oceanography_how_deep.html

14. Deep ocean creatures, adaptations & sounds Article for prep http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/08/science/08fish.html?ex=120831 8400&en=c81b1195b68e2f90&ei=5070&emc=eta1 http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/08/science/08fish.html?ex=120831 8400&en=c81b1195b68e2f90&ei=5070&emc=eta1