1. Campus Solar Projects and Opportunities for Student Involvement By Caitlin Bonney, Bryan Cosgrove, Kelsey Martin, & Kate Workman

2. http://solar-winds.info/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/solar_energy.jpg

3. Global Warming and CO2 Assessment Greenhouse gases contributing to climate change: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide Greenhouse gases contributing to climate change: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide Rising sea levels, major flooding, storms, losses of certain ecosystems, global health problems, increased mortality, and large reductions in the gross national product of many countries Rising sea levels, major flooding, storms, losses of certain ecosystems, global health problems, increased mortality, and large reductions in the gross national product of many countries 7 billion tons of CO2 released into atmosphere every year 7 billion tons of CO2 released into atmosphere every year

4. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009, Tables1.3, 2.1b-2.1f, 10.3, and 10.4.http://www.eia.doe.gov/aer/pecss_diagram.html

5. What is solar power? Nuclear diffusion Nuclear diffusion Solar energy travels to earth at the speed of light of 186,000 miles per second. Solar energy travels to earth at the speed of light of 186,000 miles per second.

6. Why is solar power better than fossil fuels? Free (not considering technologies) Free (not considering technologies) Limitless Limitless Less CO2 emitted Less CO2 emitted No international relation problems (as there are with oil) No international relation problems (as there are with oil)

7. Why is solar energy better than other renewable energy sources? Can be used in a variety of locations and sizes Can be used in a variety of locations and sizes Small- and large-scale settings Small- and large-scale settings Works well with other forms of energy Works well with other forms of energy Energy from the sun can heat water and create electricity Energy from the sun can heat water and create electricity

8. Future Prospects of Solar Plants Solar energy can supply 40-80% of a sector’s energy demand Solar energy can supply 40-80% of a sector’s energy demand 2005: 92% reduction in carbon emissions 2005: 92% reduction in carbon emissions 2015: CSP electricity prices at $0.10/kWh 2015: CSP electricity prices at $0.10/kWh 2050: 69% of electricity needs and 35% of total energy needs 2050: 69% of electricity needs and 35% of total energy needs 2100: 90% of U.S. energy demand 2100: 90% of U.S. energy demand

9. Harnessing Solar Energy Photovoltaic Cells (PV) Photovoltaic Cells (PV) Solar Thermal Systems Solar Thermal Systems http://spectrum.ieee.org/image/46370

10. How do photovoltaic (PV) cells work? Semiconducting material is attached to a panel and installed in a sunny area Semiconducting material is attached to a panel and installed in a sunny area Photons in sun's rays cause electrons in PV material to move electrical current Photons in sun's rays cause electrons in PV material to move electrical current Inverter changes the current to a usable form of energy Inverter changes the current to a usable form of energy

11. Photovoltaic Cells ConsPros Net metering Requires little maintenance Can be used in a variety of locations No turbine or generator Manufacture  harmful emissions Long-term electricity storage is difficult Expensive & inefficient

12. How do solar thermal systems work? A collector is mounted in a sunny area A collector is mounted in a sunny area Liquid is run through the pipes and the heat from the panel is transferred to water Liquid is run through the pipes and the heat from the panel is transferred to water The hot water goes into the home's hot water storage tank and used when needed The hot water goes into the home's hot water storage tank and used when needed http://www.homecoenergy.co.uk/images/pic4.jpg

13. Solar Thermal Systems ConsPros Lowers dependence on conventional systems Less expensive Works well with existing heaters 70% efficiency Water loses heat Hot water not available on demand Sun is intermittent

14. Small-Scale Solar Systems Efficiency is not limited by the number of panels Efficiency is not limited by the number of panels Individual solar collectors can be directly installed on buildings Individual solar collectors can be directly installed on buildings Minimal space required to implement solar collectors Minimal space required to implement solar collectors http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3420/3886816095_f86c8ef4f0.jpg

15. Benefits of Domestic Solar Systems Eliminates excess expenses of transporting hot water Eliminates excess expenses of transporting hot water Water is more likely to retain heat due to small travel distance Water is more likely to retain heat due to small travel distance Can be used in remote locations Can be used in remote locations Although homeowner must purchase system, tax rebates are available Although homeowner must purchase system, tax rebates are available

16. Large-Scale Solar Systems Photovoltaic systems Photovoltaic systems Applicable for large scale buildings and structures Applicable for large scale buildings and structures Can be mounted and positioned in many different ways to achieve optimal sunlight Can be mounted and positioned in many different ways to achieve optimal sunlight

17. Taiwan Solar Stadium First 100% solar powered stadium in the world First 100% solar powered stadium in the world 8,844 solar panels 8,844 solar panels Seats 55,000 Seats 55,000 Can generate 1.14 million kilowatts of power Can generate 1.14 million kilowatts of power http://www.flickr.com/photos/forwardthismessages/4643578316/sizes/m/in/photostream/

18. http://www.flickr.com/photos/forward2friends/4653327826/sizes/m/in/p hotostream/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/forwardthismessages/4643578434/sizes/m/in/ph otostream/

19. Research  fitting the Robins Stadium with photovoltaic solar panels Research  fitting the Robins Stadium with photovoltaic solar panels Could offset energy expenditures of scoreboard and lighting Could offset energy expenditures of scoreboard and lighting Potential locations of panels: roof of press box and angled on sides of towers Potential locations of panels: roof of press box and angled on sides of towers May influence higher LEED certification for stadium May influence higher LEED certification for stadium The University of Richmond Pursuit of Solar Panels for the Robins Stadium

20. Student Involvement in Solar Energy Initiatives http://wildcat.arizona.edu/polopoly_fs/1.1712581!/image/3401266483.jpg

21. “Experiential, Project-Based Learning” Sustainability Education Curriculum Research Opportunities Student Involvement Interactive Programs Initiatives In this type of environment, students will “internalize the concept of sustainability, and carry it in practice beyond academia into a greater society.” Dawson 21. Bardaglio and Putman 171.

22. The University of Richmond Installation of one 80-gallon solar thermal system (two panels) and one 2-kW solar electrical system (ten panels) on the roof of a University Forest Apartment in the 1600- block Installation of one 80-gallon solar thermal system (two panels) and one 2-kW solar electrical system (ten panels) on the roof of a University Forest Apartment in the 1600- block Location chosen due to its southwest direction and clear skies for unlimited access to sunlight Location chosen due to its southwest direction and clear skies for unlimited access to sunlight University’s in-house electricians may install systems University’s in-house electricians may install systems Project will be complete before the 2011-2012 school year Project will be complete before the 2011-2012 school year A Solar Pilot Project

23. Project Proposal from One Contractor - *Project design has not been finalized

24. An Interdisciplinary Approach to Student Involvement http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/.a/6a00d8341c630a53ef0120a5de5317970b-600wi

25. The University of Richmond Promotion & Installation Phase Promotion & Installation Phase Students in the arts – publications and creative projects to spark students’ interests in solar energy Students in the arts – publications and creative projects to spark students’ interests in solar energy Students in the sciences – participate in fieldwork Students in the sciences – participate in fieldwork Academic group or class to learn about solar and renewable energy Academic group or class to learn about solar and renewable energy Energy monitoring system for research across multiple disciplines (i.e. economics, environmental studies, physics and other natural sciences) Energy monitoring system for research across multiple disciplines (i.e. economics, environmental studies, physics and other natural sciences) Student Involvement In Solar Pilot Project

26. Works Cited Bardaglio, Peter, and Andrea Putman. Boldly Sustainable: Hope and Opportunity for Higher Education in the Age of Climate Change. Washington D.C.: National Association of College and University Business Officers, 2009. Bullis, Kevin. "Solar's Great Leap Forward." Technology Review (Cambridge, Mass.: 1998) 113.4 (2010): 52-7. General Science Full Text. Web. 8 Nov. 2010. Dawson, Ashley. "Greening the Campus." Radical Teacher. 78 (April 2007): 19-23. Print. Department of Energy, 20 Oct. 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2010.. Gore, Albert. Our Choice: A Plan to Solve the Climate Crisis. Emmaus, PA: Rodale, 2009 Roeb, M. (2010). "Concentrating on Solar Electricity and Fuels". Science (New York, N.Y.) (0036-8075), 329 (5993), p. 773.