1. Information Technology Applications
SAK1002
Information Technology Applications

2. Objectives of this course:
Student can understand about computer designs and its processes.
Student know how to use current applications.

3. 1
Chapter
INTRODUCTION

4. Objectives of this chapter:
You can…
Define the term, computer and its advantages
Identify the components of a computer
Know its history
Identify the element of information system
Discuss computer application in society

5. Overview This chapter covers Computer definition and operations.
Computer generations.
The components of a computer.
Categories of computers
Computer impact on society.
GO!

6. 1.1 Definition and Operations

7. What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?
1.1 Definition and Operations
What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?
Computer: A programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations, presents the results, and can store the data or results
Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and symbols
Processes data into information
Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful
Produces and stores results

8. Computer operations Input—entering data into the computer
Processing—performing operations on the data
Output—presenting the results
Storage—saving data, programs, or output for future use

9. Computer operations

10. Advantages of Using Computers
Reliability
Speed
Consistency
Storage
Communications

11. Disadvantages of Using Computers
Violation of Privacy
Impact on Labor Force
Health Risks
Impact on Environment

12. 1.2 Main Components of a Computer

13. Main components of a Computer
Hardware
The physical parts of a computer
Can be internal (located inside the system unit) or external (located outside of the system unit)
Software
Programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do
Hardware
Software

14. Computer Hardware Hardware used to enter data and instructions
Input device:
Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
Refer to your textbook for more pictures and explanations for better understanding.

15. Computer hardware (cont’d)
Output device:
Hardware that
conveys information to one or more people
Refer to your textbook for more pictures and explanations for better understanding

16. Computer components (hardware)
System unit
Case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data
Refer to your textbook for more pictures and explanations for better understanding

17. Computer hardware (cont’d)
Two main components on the motherboard:
Processor
Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer
Memory
Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions

18. Computer hardware (cont’d)
What is storage?
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from storage media

19. Computer hardware (cont’d)
Floppy disk and USB flash drive
Floppy Disk
Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in a square- shaped plastic shell
Stores up to about 1.4 million characters
USB Flash Drive
Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip® disk
Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket

20. Computer hardware (cont’d)
Hard disk
Provides greater storage capacity than a floppy disk, Zip disk, or USB flash drive
Most are housed inside of the system unit

21. Computer hardware (cont’d)
Compact disc
Flat, round, portable metal disc
CD-ROM
DVD-ROM
p. 9 Fig. 1-5

22. Computer hardware (cont’d)
Communications device
Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information
Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media

23. Computer Software What is software?
Consists of a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do
Also called a program

24. Computer Software (cont’d)
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons
Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information

25. Computer software (cont’d)
What is system software?
Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
Operating System (OS) is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs p

26. Computer software (cont’d)
Application software
Programs that perform specific tasks for users
Word Processing
Spreadsheet
Database
Presentation Graphics

27. Computer software (cont’d)
JavaScript
Programmer
Someone who develops application or system software
Programmer writes the instructions to direct the computer to process data into information
Web application

28. 1.3 Categories of Computers

29. Categories of Computers
What are the categories of computers?
Personal Computers (desktop)
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Game Consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers

30. Categories of computers (cont’d)
1. Personal Computers
Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table
Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS)
PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system

31. Categories of computers (cont’d)
2. Mobile Computers
Notebook computer
Portable, small enough to fit on your lap
Also called a laptop computer
Generally more expensive than a desktop computer

32. Categories of computers (cont’d)
Tablet PC
Resembles a letter-sized slate
Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen
useful for taking notes

33. Categories of computers (cont’d)
What are mobile devices?
Small enough to carry in a pocket

34. Categories of computers (cont’d)
Mobile Device
Handheld computer
Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people
Small enough to fit in one hand

35. Categories of computers (cont’d)
Mobile Device
Personal digital assistant (PDA)
Provides personal organizer functions
Calendar
Appointment book
Address book
Calculator
Notepad

36. Categories of computers (cont’d)
Mobile Device
A smart phone is an Internet-enabled telephone that usually provides PDA capabilities
Smart phones

37. Categories of computers (cont’d)
3. Game consoles
Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games

38. Categories of computers (cont’d)
4. Servers
A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage
Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations

39. Categories of computers (cont’d)
5. Mainframes
A high-performance computer used for large-scale computing purposes that require greater availability and security than a smaller-scale machine can offer

40. Categories of computers (cont’d)
6. Supercomputers
The fastest type of computer
Very expensive and employed for specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculation

41. Categories of computers (cont’d)
7. Embedded computers
A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product

42. 1.4 Computer History

43. Computer History
The computer that we use now is a fairly recent invention
The history of computers is often referred to in terms of generations, from pre-computers and early computers (before 1945) to fifth generation computers (now and the future)
Each new generation is characterized by a major technological development

44. Computer History (cont’d)
The first calculating device, which was used 2000 years ago was called abacus
In  1833, Prof. Charles Babbage, the father of computer, developed a machine called analytical engine which was the base for the modern digital computer
Other early computing devices include the slide rule, the mechanical calculator, and Dr. Herman Hollerith’s Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter

45. Computer History (cont’d)
First - Generation Computers (approximately )
The electronic digital computers, which were introduced in 1950's, were using vacuum tubes
ENIAC
Was developed during World War II
UNIVAC
Released in 1951

46. Computer History (cont’d)
Second - Generation Computers (approximately )
used transistors
A small device made of semiconductor material
Programming languages (FORTRAN and COBOL) were developed and implemented
Computers used by military, government and big business

47. Computer History (cont’d)
Third - Generation Computers (approximately )
Introduction of integrated circuits (ICs)
Also know as chips
Keyboards and monitors were introduced for input and output
Magnetic disks were typically used for storage
Cheap, fast and reliable
Used by small business

48. Computer History (cont’d)
Fourth - Generation Computers (approximately present)
The invention of the microprocessor in 1971
Contains the core processing capabilities of an entire computer on one single chip
Example: IBM PC and Apple Macintosh
Input - keyboard and mouse
Output – monitor and printer
Storage – magnetic disks and optical disks
The development of computer network, wireless technologies, and the internet

49. Computer History (cont’d)
Fifth - Generation Computers (now and the future)
Will be based on artificial intelligence
Computers can learn, think and reasoning
Voice recognition
Become primary means of input
Optical computers
Process data using light instead of electrons

50. Computer History (cont’d)

51. 1.5 Computer Applications in Society

52. Computer Applications in Society
Some examples of computer applications in society:
Education
Finance
Government
Healthcare
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing

53. Review Computer definition? Computer operations?
Computer main components?
Computer categories?
Computer impacts on society?
For more details information and pictures, please refer to your text book.