1. Lund Aerosol Group Div. of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, LTH Professors: Erik Swietlicki, Bengt Martinsson Senior Scientists: Göran Frank, Birgitta Svenningsson, Staffan Sjögren, Adam Kristensson, Jakob Löndahl PhD students: Erik Nilsson, Pontus Roldin, Maria Berghof, Moa Sporre, Cerina Wittbom, Johan Friberg This presentation can be found at: http://www.cast.lu.se See: Diploma Work ( http://www.cast.lu.se/diploma-work.htm )

2. Aerosols Affect our Climate, Environment and Health Deforestation in Amazonia Acidification Health Effects in Industry Health Effects of Traffic Exhaust Earth Radiation Balance Climate Health Effects

3. Are there “good” aerosol particles that cool but do not kill? Conflict between ”positive” climate cooling effects and negative human health effects

4. Loss in statistical life expectancy that can be attributed to the identified anthropogenic contributions to PM2.5 (in months), for the emissions of the year 2000. Meteorology 2000Meteorology 2003 Baseline Scenarios for the CAFE Programme Final Report, February 2005

5. Soot particles (yellow) have penetrated through the upper airways and deposited in the air exchange region – the alveoli - (purple). Photographer: Lennart Nilsson

6. A macrophage (blue) is attacking the soot particles, trying to engulf them. Photographer: Lennart Nilsson

7. Particles  Clouds Level of Scientific Understanding Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4th Assessment Report 2007 Radiative Forcing (W/m 2 ) Cooling Heating

8. Melting Sea Ice ACIA, 2005

9. Arctic Sea Ice Extent http://nsidc.org September 17, 2009 Arctic sea ice reaches annual minimum extent Arctic sea ice appears to have reached its minimum extent for the year, the third-lowest extent since the start of satellite measurements in 1979. While this year’s minimum extent is above the record and near-record minimums of the last two years, it further reinforces the strong negative trend in summertime ice extent observed over the past thirty years.

10. Biota Gases CCN Cloud droplets Particles Feedback on Arctic climate and biota Mixing CCN

11. Icebreaker Oden Expeditions 1991, 1996, 2001, 2008

12. Biomass burning perturb regional and global climate The Amazon, Brazil Extensive biomass burning during the dry period (September-November) Pyrocumulus cloud Fires in South America during the dry period 2001 Rain forest recently burnt (Rondonia, Brazil, Oct. 2002)

13. Amazonian Aerosol Studies New international field campaign planned for 2010-2011 north of Manaus, Brazil. Assist airborne aerosol measurements.

14. Amazonia SMPS system (Lund) Own design, manufacture and calibration Medium-long DMA (Vienna-type, own manufacture) Particle counter: TSI CPC 3760A 10-551 nm Closed-loop (driers and filters in loop) Scanning mode (up and downscan, Labview software) CPC desmearing to improve time resolution Time resolution: 3-5 min RH and T sensors for data QA Measurements started Feb 2008

15. Dry particle Humidified particle RH=90% Cloud drop RH>100%

16. Indirect effect of aerosols on climate Clouds formed in clean air with few particles  few but large cloud droplets  reflect little solar radiation Clouds formed in polluted air with many particles  many small cloud droplets  reflect more solar radiation

17. a) b) Satellite retrieval of cloud properties Assist in the development of satellite retrievals of cloud properties.

18. European Super-sites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research An EU-Infrastructure Project 21 European Partners Objectives 1: Ensure measurements and QA/QC of aerosol chemical, optical and physical properties 2: Ensure dissemination of data and capacity building 3: Develop future tools for aerosol monitoring and dissemination of information 4: Ensure trans-national access of research infrastructures

19. The Vavihill site Regional background – Southern Sweden Twin-DMPS (3-900 nm) Evaluate multi-year data set from the station. Operate the aerosol instruments at the station. Develop new aerosol instruments.

20. Particle Size Distributions- Vavihill

21. High Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

23. Mass Fraction Time Series Vavihill Oct 2008 Develop new aerosol instruments (PAM, VH-TDMA). Carry out AMS measurements in the laboratory and in the field.

24. Aerosol-Cloud Interaction Studies On-going measurements on Mount Brocken in Germany Detailled in-situ studies aerosol-cloud interactions In-cloud measurements on mountain top Unique instrument developed in Lund Droplet Aerosol Analyzer (DAA)

25. CARIBIC – EU Project Tropopause atmospheric research Platform: Boeing 767 civil aircraft, Frankfurt-Maldives

26. Measurements at High Altitude Intercontinental CARIBIC measuerements Exemples of results: Sulfur in aerosol at 10 km altitude Assist in developing aerosol analytical techniques for the aircraft measurements.

27. Sustainable transport system? Human Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Road Wear Particle Emissions and Health Effects Particle Emissions from Railways Particle Emissions from Traffic

28. Aerosol Laboratory, IKDC, LTH Exposure chamber (20 m 3 ) Provocation study for human health effects (e.g. heart rhythm variability) LTH (EAT, Kärnfysik) Yrkes- o miljömedicin, Lund Karolinska Institutet

29. Lung Deposition Measurements RESPI instrument Assist in developing and performing the RESPI instrument within various projects. Wood smoke, Umeå, Dec 2010

30. Lung Deposition Measurements RESPI instrument

31. Particles from biomass combustion and traffic Deposited fraction ≈ 0.2 Deposited fraction> 0.5

32. Deposited particle fraction – Wood smoke (SNAP)

33. Thank you for your attention! For more information, contact Erik Swietlicki, Bengt Martinsson, Birgitta Svenningsson, Göran Frank