1. Pico-second Timing Hardware Workshop Sponsored by: High Energy Physics Division at ANL Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Organization committee: K. Byrum (ANL) Henry Frisch (UC) Carlos Wagner (ANL/UC) Part 1 - November 18,2005 Part 2 – Spring 2006 1

2. Goals of the Workshop: To discuss and explore scientific opportunities in a wide range of fields opened up by large-area TOF detectors with psec resolution. To explore problems and solutions in the implementation of psec-resolution large area detectors. To foster collaboration and communication among those interested. 2

3. Unique Workshop: - eclectic mixture of people and disciplines HEP detectors Cosmic ray detectors Accelerator Diagnostics Medical PET Nuclear Physics Engineers & Physicists - students Universities, Laboratories, Industry 3

4. Introduction-Particle ID in HEP To study flavor physics – need good hadron identification. Is it a Kaon or a Pion? CP & Bs mixing, B tagging top-mass (Mrenna) HEP – excellent (large) tracking good particle ID precision calorimetry Ideally – want a massless thin particle ID 4

5. Introduction-Particle ID in HEP In HEP - 2 main techniques for determining high-energy particle ID (up to few GeV/c) The Cherenkov Technique:  Belle, BABAR LHCB– PID by measuring the angle of light emitted by a particle traversing a transparent radiator. Time of Flight:  CDF – PID by measuring the transit time of the creation of a particle to an outer ring of detectors. 5

6. The Cherenkov Technique Uses either aerogel (Belle,LHCB) or long rectangular bars (Babar) which are cherenkov radiators. Particle traversing medium generates a cone of cherenkov radiation whose angle -> velocity. Get PID up to about a few GeV/c. Takes significant radial space. Accuracy is limited by the resolution on the angle of light. BABAR DIRC system Belle, LHCB use Aerogel 6

7. Time of Flight Uses long rectangular bars which are cherenkov radiators. Particle traversing bar generates a pulse at time T1; know the distance -> velocity Get PID up to few GeV/c Accuracy is limited by resolution of time measurement. 7 CDF

8. TOF in HEP: We (HEP) measure space to microns now, but delta-time hasn’t changed in 30 years. Current State-of-the-Art: ~100 pSec (based on vaccum PMTs or hybrid –HPDs, timing discriminators and time to digital convertors) –Using MCP-PMT’s: goal ~100 Times Better! –For the last few years, Henry+UC group pursuing large area TOF using MCP-PMTs –ANL involvement –> grew out of recent fostering of collaborative partnership 8

9. MCP-MPT’s as TOF Characteristic scale of HEP TOF systems has been inches. i.e. the path for light & electrons to traverse -> inches 1 inch - delta T ~ 100 psec If you want 1 psec -> scale of < 300 microns MCP-MPTs are natural candidates - micron pore size. Q: What is the intrinsic limit and what limits this? Q: How do you collect the charge? Q: How do you read it out? Q: How do you test this? Q: Do you see the particle? 9

10. Challenges Detectors – MCP-PMT  Modeling of performance  Construction and electrical characterization of equal-time anode. Chip Development  Modeling of Performance  Design at High Frequencies  Understanding Parasitics Testing  Must Build Entire Sensor/Readout Chain to Fully Characterize Performance  Need Specialized Equipment, Ultimately a Test Beam System Issues  Clock Distribution  Calibration (in situ)  Stability 10

11. Layout of this workshop: We hope talks will stimulate discussion and generate ideas Encourage you to push the envelope 11

12. AGENDA here: