1. Columbia’s Vision for Tomorrow’s Global Intelligent Systems Henning Schulzrinne, Chair Department of Computer Science October 13, 2005 Bill Gates/CS Faculty Roundtable

2. Columbia CS Computer Science Research Highlights Comprehensive research, with areas of focus Leading research in –Natural language processing –Mobile and wireless computing –Designing digital systems –Network security Growing Research Impact

3. Columbia CS Faculty: 35 (32 tenure track, 3 lecturers) + 3 joint AhoAllen CarloniFeiner GravanoGross Grunschlag McKeown KenderKaiser NayarRamamoorthi Servedio Schulzrinne Ross Nowick StolfoShortliffe Keromytis NiehMalkin Hirschberg Rubenstein Yemini Misra Wozniakowski Unger Stein Jebara Belhumeur Edwards Traub Yannakakis CannonGalil Grinspun Bellovin

4. Columbia CS Interacting with The Physical World (9) Interacting with Humans (5 faculty) Systems (11) Designing Digital Systems (4) Making Sense of Data (7) Computer Science Theory (8) Columbia Computer Science Research graphics, robotics, vision UI, NLP, collab work networks, security, OS, software eng CAD, async circuits, embedded systems databases, data mining, machine learning quantum computing, crypto, learning, algorithms

5. Columbia CS Interacting with Humans: Newsblaster Automatic summarization of articles on the same event Generation of summary sentences Tracking events across days Foreign news  English summaries Faculty: Kathy McKeown

6. Columbia CS Interacting with Humans: Newsblaster Research Findings Quality of facts gathered significantly better –With Newsblaster than with no summaries User satisfaction higher –With Newsblaster sentence summaries than Google style 1- sentence summaries Summaries contributed important facts –With Newsblaster than Google summaries Full multi-document summarization more powerful than documents alone or single sentence summarization

7. Columbia CS Interacting with Humans: Detecting Deceptive Speech Problem: –Can we detect deception from spoken language cues only? Method: –Collect corpus of deceptive/non-deceptive speech –Extract acoustic, prosodic and lexical features automatically E.g., disfluencies, response latency, high pitch range, lower intensity, laughter, personal pronouns –Run Machine Learning experiments to create automatic prediction models and test on held-out data Results: –Baselines: Best general human performance in literature ranges from criminals (65% accuracy) down to parole officers (40%) Majority class, our data (predict truth): 61% Mean human performance, our data: 60% –Our (automatic) results: 69% Faculty: Julia Hirschberg

8. Columbia CS Interacting with Humans: Learning to Match Authors Entity Resolution of Anonymized Publications 7 Teams: UMass, Maryland, Fair-Isaac, Illinois, Rutgers, CMU, Columbia Columbia Error rate Key 1 - Permutational Text Kernels 2 - Permutational Clustering 3 - SVM Source: 2005 KDD Challenge 1 2 3 Faculty: Tony Jebara

9. Columbia CS CEPSR research building Channel Allocation Protocol TCP/IP MCL* 802.11card A802.11card B NDIS**DevCon Windows XP Multi-radio mesh node Channel scarcity  need automated channel allocation in 802.11 mesh networks Allocates radios by self-stabilizing algorithm based on graph coloring Results First self-organizing mechanism & implementation Network self-organizes in seconds Network throughput improvement of 20-100% cf. static channel allocation Collaborators: Victor Bahl and Jitendra Padhye @ MSR Systems: Distributed Channel Allocation in Mobile Mesh Networks Faculty: Misra/Rubenstein

10. Columbia CS Systems: Evolution of VoIP “amazing – the phone rings” “does it do call transfer?” “how can I make it stop ringing?” 1996-2000 2000-20032004- catching up with the digital PBX long-distance calling, ca. 1930 going beyond the black phone Faculty: Henning Schulzrinne

11. Columbia CS Systems: Creating new services for VoIP Old telecom model: –Programmers create mass-market applications –new service each decade Our (web) model: –Users and administrators create universe of tailored applications Incorporate human context: –location, mood, actions, … “FrontPage for service creation” –Based on presence, location, privacy preferences –Learn based on user actions

12. Columbia CS Systems: Self-healing Software Problem: zero-day attacks Approach: Enable systems to react and self-heal in response to unanticipated attacks and failures, via: –Coordinated access control in large-scale systems –Block-level system reconfiguration –Self-healing software systems –Application communities: enable large numbers of identical applications to collaboratively monitor their health and share alerts Prototypes: worms, software survivability Faculty: Angelos Keromytis, Sal Stolfo

13. Columbia CS Site B Site C Site A Surveillance detected at site A Surveillance detected at site B Surveillance detected at site C Common sources of scans for all three sites Profile and signature generation for defense Faculty: Sal Stolfo Systems: Developing Profiles of Attackers Worms use hit lists to reduce spread time Gathered in stealth  Collaborative and distributed intrusion detection Leverage header and payload anomaly

14. Columbia CS Theory: Leveraging Cryptography Traditional cryptography  provable security of protocols, but assumes a clean, controlled model –Key exposure causes more security breaches than cryptanalysis smartcards, PDAs can easily leak keys  Expand theoretical foundations to capture provable security against strong, realistic attackers, including: –Key exposure –Key tampering –Security against side channel attacks (power, timing analysis) –Security in an Internet-like setting when attacker can coordinate across several protocols Faculty: Tal Malkin

15. Columbia CS Columbia’s Growing Computer Science Research Impact Technology impact through start-ups security, network management, thin clients, VoIP, … standardization VoIP, security, … education government Industrial research gifts

16. Columbia CS Conclusion Broad-based research motivated by real problems Breaking new ground in several key areas, e.g.: –Natural language processing –New network services and models –Network security –Graphics & vision Columbia has a growing impact on computer science as demonstrated in successfully bringing new technology to the field