1. The Database Idea Some General Principles

2. General Principles  Data has uses  Store once, access many times  Data life cycle  Data integrity  Data auditing

3. Data Uses  The database has to be o DEFINED o CREATED o ADMINISTERED, EVALUATED o POPULATED (THROUGH FORMS) o DISPOSED OF  The data in the database has to be oACCESSED THROUGH QUERIES oINTEGRATED INTO REPORTS oUPDATED BASED ON TRANSACTIONS Database Administration Functions Database User Functions

4. Store Once, Access Many Times Sales Customer Info Data Base Creates customer record after initial sale Accounting Accesses and updates through billing cycle Shipping Only needs to access to find out where to ship Service Accesses sales info for recalls; updates after service for billing

5. Data Life Cycle Data Base Initial data entry Queries Updates Disposal Database Administration Reports, analyses

6. Data Integrity  There are levels of activity: oDefinition oCreation oAccess oUpdate oMaintenance oDisposition  Only certain processes and their owners and operators have specific levels of access  Access levels can apply to any part of the data base  Violations of data integrity are expected and procedures are in place to re-create integrity

7. Data Auditing  All activity is tracked  Violations of integrity result in alarms and hence in a variety of defensive behaviors  Audit reports are produced regularly  Certain agencies care about auditing