1. Ethics To do the “right thing” you need to know what the “right thing” is.

2. ETHICAL ISSUES PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS SOCIETAL NORMS CODES OF BEHAVIOR

3. Rights and Obligations of the Respondent The obligation to be truthful versus The right to Privacy The “need” for Deception versus The right to be informed The right to safety

4. Rights and Obligations of the Researcher The purpose of research is research Objectivity Misrepresenting research Protect the right to confidentiality of both subjects and clients Dissemination of faulty conclusions Advocacy research

5. Rights and Obligations of Client Sponsor (User) Ethics between buyer and seller Open relationship with research suppliers Open relationship with interested parties Privacy Commitment to research Pseudo-pilot studies

6. Advocacy Research Research to support a specific legal claim

7. Pseudo-Pilot Studies The researcher is told that the study is the first of many in a more comprehensive study

8. Drug use The police authority is conducting research into illicit drug use. They conduct telephone surveys where they do not tell respondents that they are the police.

9. Utilitarianism The end justifies the means Deception was justified because the subjects would never have revealed information about drug use if they knew that the police commission funded the study

10. Moral idealism A personal philosophy whereby conduct is evaluated on the basis of adherence to or violation of a “universal right ” Deception is wrong. No rationale makes it right.

11. Ethical relativism “It depends…” Conduct is evaluated on the basis of context, often cultural “In this context it was OK to do. Deception is consistent with the corporate culture of police work. It would have been wrong for…”