1. Basic Ecological Concepts and Terms Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.1 Basic Ecological Concepts and Terms habitat ecosystem engineers and foundation species facilitation predation refuge community ecosystem types of species interactions: uni- or bi directional neutral, positive, or negative strong or weak

2. The Physical Setting of Rocky Shore Habitats Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.2 The Physical Setting of Rocky Shores Global distribution and geology of rocky shore habitats Rocky shores are intertidal habitats What are tides and what role do they play in shaping intertidal communities? Waves can be important forces structuring the abundance, zonation, and diversity of intertidal species Intertidal organisms have evolved adaptations to cope with this stress: Flexibility Group living Flattened and small bodies

3. Inhabitants of rocky shore habitats Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.3 Inhabitants of Rocky Shore Habitats Primary producers macro algae, phytoplankton, encrusting algae Herbivores snails, chitons, limpets, urchins Filter feeders mussels, barnacles, bryozoans Predators sea stars, snails, lobsters, crabs, fish, sea birds, anemones

4. Rocky Shore Community Zonation Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.4 Rocky Shore zonation High Intertidal Zone Mid Intertidal Zone Low Intertidal zone Shallow Subtidal Zone

5. Rocky Shore Community Zonation Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.5 Rocky Shore zonation A rocky intertidal habitat in northwestern Washington (Courtesy: Mary O’Connor) barnacles (high intertidal zone) mussels (mid intertidal zone)

6. Rocky Shore Community Zonation Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.6 Rocky Shore zonation A rocky intertidal habitat in northwestern Washington (Courtesy: Mary O’Connor)

7. Rocky Shore Community Zonation Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.7Rocky Shore zonation A rocky intertidal habitat in northwestern Washington (Courtesy: Mary O’Connor) mussels algae

8. Effects of Oil spills on Rocky Shore Communities Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.8 Effects of oil spills on rocky shore communities The Exxon Valdez oil spill case study http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/spotlight/spotlight.html http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/ released 42 million liters of crude oil into Prince William Sounds, AK contaminated 2000 km of pristine shoreline short and effects on the ecosystem and economy long term effects: 15 years later