1. Soil Seed Banks: Ecology and Management Soil seed bank: viable seeds stored in O horizons and mineral soils Process of seed deposition in SB can be considered as a seed budget

3. Types of Seed Banks Transient: persist < 1 yr Persistent: persist > 1 yr Which species form large, persistent SB? Disturbance spp Annuals/biennials Small-seeded spp

8. Often there is not a close correspondence of seed bank composition with aboveground composition; however, we need to be careful about looking at what is there versus what is not

12. Means without shared letters differ at P < 0.05 (Tukey’s Test) Error bars are 1 SD Effects of fire-related cues on Penstemon barbatus seeds

14. Assessing Seed Banks Identify objectives Choose sampling design Collect samples of known volume Choose emergence or extraction methods Express seed densities as seeds/m 2