1. Urbanisation And Growth of Million + Cities in India Greetings from India 4 th International Conference on Population Geographies, Hong Kong Dr U V Somayajulu Mr Tilak Mukherji TNS India

2. 2  Growth of Urban Centres and concentration of population in urban areas is major transformation in 20 th century  Urban population is growing 3 times faster than rural areas  By 2030, three fifth of World Population will be urban  By 2030, three fifth of World’s Urban Population will be in less developed region  India, the second most populous country, is home to large urban population Background

3. 3 Analyses  Trends and patterns of urbanisation in India  Distribution of Urban Population  Growth of Towns of Different size including Million + cities  Based on the Indian Census data This Paper

4. 4 Brief Profile of India Population (2007)1135.6 millions Urban Population (2007)329.3 millions % Urban Population (2007)29 Life Exp at Birth (2004)63 years IMR (per 1000LB) (2004)62 % population below poverty line(2003)31

5. 5 Definition of Urban Areas I)All the places with municipality, corporation etc., I)All other places with a)Minimum population of 5000 b)At least 75% male working population in non agricultural pursuits c)Density of population of at least 400 persons/Sq Km

6. 6 Definition of Urban Agglomeration  The concept of “Town Group” introduced in 1961 census to understand urban spread  Refined in 1971 with the concept of ‘Urban Agglomeration’ to better understand urban contingents, processes and trends of urbanisation  An Urban Agglomeration constitutes:  A city or Town with continuous outgrowth, the outgrowth being outside the statutory limits but falling within boundaries of adjoining village(s)  Two or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths  A city and one or more adjoining towns with or without all of which form a continuous spread

7. 7 Trends of (Urban) Population (in Millions, Pre Independence)

8. 8 Trends of (Urban) Population (In Millions, Post Independence)

9. 9 Level of Urbanisation

10. 10 Projected India’s Urban Population YearUrban Population (‘000s)Level of Urbanisation(%) 2005330.1231 2010380.2133 2015435.1136 2025565.8043 2030634.0546

11. 11 No. of UAs/Towns

12. 12 Classification of Towns/UAs Class I100,000 and above Class II50,000 – 99,999 Class III20,000 – 49,999 Class IV10,000 – 19,999 Class V5,000 - 9,999 Class VI<5,000

13. 13 Distribution of Towns by Town Class YearClass IClass IIClass IIIClass IVClass VClass VI 19012443130391744479 19112340135364707485 19212945145370734571 19313556183434800509 19414974242498920407 195176913276081124569 1961102129437719711172 1971148173558827623147 19812162207381053739229 19912963419271135725185 2001433498138615601057227

14. 14 Distribution of Urban Population by Town Class(%) YearClass IClass IIClass IIIClass IVClass VClass VI 190126.0011.2915.6420.8320.146.10 191127.4810.5116.4019.7319.316.57 192129.7010.3915.9218.29183677.03 193131.2011.6516.8018.0017.145.21 194138.2311.4216.3515.7815.083.14 195144.639.9615.7213.6312.973.09 196151.4211.2316.9412.776.870.77 197157.4210.9216.0110.944.450.44 198160.4211.6319.339.543.580.50 199165.4210.9513.197.772.060.29 200161.4812.3015.008.082.850.29

15. 15 Million + Cities/UAs YearNo. of UAs/Cities Population of million + UAs/Cities as % of India’s Population Population of Million + Cities as % of India’s Urban Population 190110.635.84 191121.1010.65 192121.2511.14 193121.2210.18 194121.6712.02 195153.2518.81 196174.1222.93 197195.0825.51 1981126.1626.41 1991238.3732.54 2001329.9834.97

16. 16 Largest UAs of India YearUAWorld Rank PopulationUARankPopula- tion UA Rank/ Population 1950Calcutta10 th 4.1 MnBombay18 th 2.9 Mn 1960Calcutta13 th 5.5 MnBombay18 th 4.1 Mn 1970Calcutta14 th 6.9 MnBombay17 th 5.8 MnDelhi 28 th 3.5 Mn 1980Calcutta9 th 9.0 MnBombay15 th 8.1 MnDelhi 23 rd 5.6 Mn 1995Bombay5 th 15.1 MnCalcutta8 th 11.9 Mn 1995Delhi15 th 9.9 Mn 2000Bombay3 rd 18.0 MnCalcutta9 th 12.9 MnDelhi 14 th 11.7 Mn 2010Bombay2 nd 23.7 MnCalcutta10 th 15.6 Mn Delhi 11 th 15.2 Mn Hyderabad 25 th 9.4 Mn 2015Bombay2 nd 26.2 MnCalcutta Hyderabad 10 th 24 th 17.3 Mn 10.5 Mn Delhi 11 th 16.9 Mn

17. 17 Growth of Mumbai Metro Popn (Mn)Island CityOuter CitySuburbsMetropolitan Mumbai 19813.34.91.79.9 19913.26.83.513.4 20013.38.65.817.7 % Share 198133.250.116.8100 199123.750.525.8100 200118.848.532.7100 % Change 1981-1991-3.436.2108.135.1 1991-20014.827.267.732.3 1981-20011.342.371.344.1

18. 18 Concluding Remarks - 1  Urban Popn in India experienced 11 fold increase during 1901-2001, while the total popn increased by 4 times  The total number of towns/UAs increased in case of all size classes, except class VI  Class III, IV and V towns accounting for 3/4th of total number of towns, account for only 1/4th of urban population. Class I towns account for 3/5th of Indian urban popn  During past decade, population share of medium and small towns increased slightly while that of the large towns declined slightly  Analysis of latest data on trends of migration can throw more light on this aspect as the migration to large cities/towns might be on decline

19. 19 Concluding Remarks - 2  All the towns/ UAs experienced considerable increase in population during 1971-81, but recorded decline during 1981-1991  The No. of million + towns increased significantly in the recent decades, which account for about 1/10th of country’s popn and 1/3 of urban popn  By 2015, India is expected to have 4 of its UAs (Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi and Hyderabad) in the group of world’s largest UAs; Mumbai, continues as the 2 nd most populous UA with a population of 26.2 million  As a consequence of urbanisation, which is due to rural- urban or (semi) urban –urban migration, No. of towns/UAs with slums, No. of slums and the slum popn is increasing

20. 20 Concluding Remarks - 3  The studies on quality of life in urban India indicate need to provide basic infrastructure and improve access to basic services (safe drinking water, transport, electricity etc)  Need research to understand trends and patterns of different migration streams and assess their contribution for growth of different town size class  Urban planning in medium and small towns needs emphasis as they are likely to grow in the coming days  Studies are also needed to understand growth of slums and slum population and their quality of life

21. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION