2. Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Web3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002

3. or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work? Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Web3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002 or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work? Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Web3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002

4. Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Psychology - Information Studies & Education www.cs.umd.edu/hcil

5. Scientific Approach (beyond user friendly)  Specify users and tasks  Predict and measure time to learntime to learn speed of performancespeed of performance rate of human errorsrate of human errors human retention over timehuman retention over time  Assess subjective satisfaction (Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction)  Accommodate individual differences  Consider social, organizational & cultural context

6. Design Issues   Input devices & strategies Keyboards, pointing devices, voice Direct manipulation Menus, forms, commands   Output devices & formats Screens, windows, color, sound Text, tables, graphics Instructions, messages, help   Collaboration & communities   Manuals, tutorials, training www.awl.com/DTUI usableweb.com useit.com

7. Library of Congress  Scholars, Journalists, Citizens  Teachers, Students

8. Visible Human Explorer (NLM)  Doctors  Surgeons  Researchers  Students

9. NASA Environmental Data  Scientists  Farmers  Land planners  Students

10. Bureau of Census  Economists, Policy makers, Journalists  Teachers, Students

11. Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think   Visual bandwidth is enormous Human perceptual skills are remarkable Trend, cluster, gap, outlier... Color, size, shape, proximity... Human image storage is fast and vast   Opportunities Spatial layouts & coordination Information visualization Scientific visualization & simulation Telepresence & augmented reality Virtual environments

12. www.spotfire.com

14. Fisheye views and Zooming User Interfaces   Distortion to magnify areas of interest User-control, zoom factors of 3-5   Multi-scale spaces Zoom in/out & Pan left/right   Smooth zooming   Semantic zooming http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/jazz/

15. GlassEye (see Hochheiser paper in www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)

16. Spectrum of 3-D Visualizations   Immersive Virtual Environment with head-mounted stereo display and head tracking   Desktop 3-D for 3-D worlds medical, architectural, scientific visualizations, games   Desktop 3-D for artificial worlds Bookhouse, file-cabinets, shopping malls   Desktop 3-D for information visualization cone/cam trees, perspective wall, web-book SGI directories, Visible Decisions, Media Lab landscapes XGobi scatterplots, Themescape, Visage   Chartjunk 3-D: barcharts, piecharts, histograms

17. Medical & Scientific Visualizations   Volume Visualization for Medical SUNY – Stony Brook http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~vislab/  Electronic Visualization Laboratory University of Illinois at Chicago http://www.evl.uic.edu/

18. Commercial Visualizations

19. Information & Entertainment   3D Home pages, chat rooms www.ActiveWorlds.com  IPIX 3D room tours  IPIX 3D room tours www.ipix.com

20. Are these good uses of 3D?

21. www.netviz.com Communication networks

22. J.A. Brown, McGregor A.J and H-W Braun. Network Connection & Performance

23. Planar graph with towers Chaomei Chen

24. www.cognos.com

25. www.visualinsights.com

26. Perspective wall (Xerox PARC) Mackinlay et al, CHI91

27. ConeTree Xerox Park

28. Hyperbolic trees  Visually appealing  Space limited  2-level lookahead  Easy affordances  -Hard to scan  -Poor screen usage  -Too volatile Lamping et al. CHI 95

29. Treemap - view large trees with node values  Space filling  Space limited  Color coding  Size coding  Requires learning (Shneiderman, see www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemaps) TreeViz (Mac, Johnson, 1992) NBA-Tree(Sun, Turo, 1993) Winsurfer (Teittinen, 1996) Diskmapper (Windows, Micrologic) Treemap97 (Windows, UMd) Treemap 3.0 (Java, UMd)

30. Treemap - Stock market, clustered by industry see www.smartmoney.com

31. Treemap - Stock market – 3D view

32. WebBook

33. WebBook-WebForager Card, Robertson, George and York, CHI 96

34. Starlight Battelle – Pacific Northwest National Lab

35. Themescape Wise et al., 1995 - see also www.omniviz.com

36. Mineset

37. IBM Research: 3D Objects & Ecological Design 3-D objects & ecological setting speed performance by 10-20% Ark, Dryer, Selker & Zhai British HCI 1998 0

38. IBM Research: RealThings Familiar 3-D objects replace form-fillin www-3.ibm.com/ibm/easy/eou_ext.nsf/Publish/581 www.otal.umd.edu/SHORE99/daveyg/

39. Microsoft: Data Mountain Cockburn & McKenzie, ACM CHI2001 3-D perspective & size changes cause no significant slowdown and users like them

40. Microsoft: Task Gallery http://research.microsoft.com/ui/TaskGallery/

41. Chalmers Univ: 3D Workspace Manager http://www.3dwm.org/

42. Clockwise3d http://www.clockwise3d.com/

43. Clockwise3d vs. Windows Explorer www.otal.umd.edu/SHORE2001/winDesktop/ UMd Student Team Project -12 subjects -12 tasks Fewer clicks is faster

44. Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory 19 th Annual Symposium May 30-31, 2002 www.cs.umd.edu/hcil

45. For More Information  Visit the HCIL website for 200 papers & info on videos (www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)  See Chapter 15 on Info Visualization Shneiderman, B., Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction: Third Edition (1998) (www.aw.com/DTUI)  January 1999 book of readings: Card, S., Mackinlay, J., and Shneiderman, B. Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think