1. Remote Water Purification Team Members: Piseth Toch Piseth Toch Ndubuisi Nduaguba Neusa Veiga Joel Patruno Senior Design Project 2004 ~ Preliminary Design Review

2. MDR Deliverables Implementation of physical filtration stage Control systems analysis for biological sanitation stage Solar panel repair of last years’ design project

3. Overview The Problem AssessmentThe Problem Assessment Preliminary DesignPreliminary Design Assessment of OptionsAssessment of Options Modified DesignModified Design Project limitations & challengesProject limitations & challenges Proposed MDR specificationsProposed MDR specifications

4. The Problem Assessment We are building a “stand alone” Water purification system.We are building a “stand alone” Water purification system. We will utilize last year’s solar power supply.We will utilize last year’s solar power supply. –The source power supply is 1.9 A/H @ 12V (sunny day) The goal is to take a gallon of untreated water and process it to meet bacterial standards of drinkable water.The goal is to take a gallon of untreated water and process it to meet bacterial standards of drinkable water. To do this we must do the followingTo do this we must do the following –Remove physical contaminants and debris –Remove or destroy biological contaminants –Store clean water in such a manner that it stays clean Long, maintenance-free period of use.Long, maintenance-free period of use. Low maintenance costsLow maintenance costs Applications includeApplications include –Usage in Benin, Africa. Where only 6% of the rural population in this country of 6+ million people have access to clean water. 1 The final product should be drinkable and good tasting with no strange odorsThe final product should be drinkable and good tasting with no strange odors

5. Preliminary Filter Cascade Design Biological Contaminant Sanitation Water flow Control System Storage / Collector

6. PhysicalFiltering Options Physical Filtering Options Cloth Filtering –Sari Cloth has been proven as a relatively effective filter in 18 month study of Bangladesh villages 2 –The cloth is common Charcoal Filtering –Proven as an excellent water cleaning tool –Too expensive to be replaced on a regular basis Dual Filtering –Cloth filters could be replaced regularly effectively increasing the charcoal filter life dramatically Removal of debris and solid contaminants

7. Biological Sanitation Options Chlorine –Proven to clean water well –Short life of cartridge makes this unsuitable for our purposes Electrolysis –Uses electricity and plates to alter mineral composition of water, but is an unproven method of sanitation Sunlight UV –We already have an aiming device in last year’s solar panel –By concentrating the sunlight using a focusing mirror we can increase the UV content –Reliability is an issue, and UV detection devices are pricey UV lamp Light –Lowest power consumption at 12Vdc is 6 watts –Max “on-time” of system is reduced to 3-Hrs on a sunny day Removal or destruction of bacteria and microbes

8. Modified Design

9. Limitations & Design Challenges, UV lamp usage efficiency Our only power source is the sun Control System is crucial to sanitation of water and prevention of cross contamination Control System must protect battery from over usage

10. Project Specifications Utilize only our solar power source Produce 1 gallon of water –on a sunny day –Based on amount of water needed to survive 3 Lab-test water to check it for contaminants Unit design with minimum maintenance in mind –2 year replacement cycle –Based on carbon filter life and UV lamp life

11. Bibliography 1 – World health Organization – Water Sanitation report - http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/monitoring/en /Glassessment6.pdf 2 – BBC News report on world water supplies. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2640307.stm 3 - Pacific Institute of Water http://www.pacinst.org/water_facts.html

12. Questions ?