1. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 1 MICE challenges organization global funding situation

2. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 2 Why MICE? Based on Muon collider ideas and development (Palmer et al, 92->), the Neutrino Factory concept (Geer, 1998) resonated in 1998 with the final demonstration of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations by the SuperK Collaboration. International workshops: NUFACT 99 (Lyon, France) NUFACT 00 (Montery, California) NUFACT 01 (Tsukuba, Japan) NUFACT 02 (London, UK) NUFACT 03 (Columbia,NY,USA) NUFACT 04 (Osaka, Japan) NUFACT 05 (Frascati,Italy)  Neutrino Factory is the ultimate tool for study of Neutrino Oscillations -- unique source of high energy e --reach/sensitivity better by order(s) of magnitude wrt other techniques (e.g. super-beams) for    ** matter effects ** *** leptonic CP violation *** **** e   and   **** NB : leptonic CP violation is a key ingredient in the leading explanations for the mystery of the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry in our universe    e + e   _

3. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 3 ~NOvA +PD

4. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 4 Particle physicist: Q: Can a Neutrino Factory be built? Accelerator physisicst: A: YES! (US Study II, CERN) but… it is expensive, and many ingredients have never been demonstrated!  R&D is needed. (est. 5yrs) to 1.ascertain performance 2.reduce costs among critical items: ***Target*** *** COOLING *** Cooling component development programme+ ‘blast test’: MUCOOL collabration (US-Japan-UK) *** Acceleration ***

5. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 5 IONIZATION COOLING principle: this will surely work..! reality (simplified) ….maybe… Difficulty: affordable prototype of cooling section only cools beam by 10%, while standard emittance measurements barely achieve this precision. Solution: measure the beam particle-by-particle A delicate technology and integration problem Need to build a realistic prototype and verify that it works (i.e. cools a beam) Difficulties lay in particular in  operating RF cavities in Mag. Field,  interface with SC magnets and LH2 absorbers What performance can one get? state-of-the-art particle physics instrumentation will test state-of-the-art accelerator technology.  RF Noise!!

6. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 6  Incoming muon beam Variable Diffuser Beam PID TOF 0 Cherenkov TOF 1 Trackers 1 & 2 measurement of emittance in and out Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3 Downstream particle ID: TOF 2 Cherenkov Calorimeter RF cavities 1RF cavities 2 Spectrometer solenoid 1 Matching coils 1&2 Focus coils 1 Spectrometer solenoid 2 Coupling Coils 1&2 Focus coils 2Focus coils 3 Matching coils 1&2 10% cooling of 200 MeV/c muons requires ~ 20 MV of RF single particle measurements => measurement precision can be as good as  out /  in ) = 10 -3 never done before either…

7. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 7 201 MHz RF cavity with beryllium windows Liquid-hydrogen absorbers Scintillating-fiber tracker Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment Status: Approved at RAL(UK) First beam: 04-2007 Funded in: UK,CH,JP,NL,US Further requests: CH,It,JP,UK Single-  beam ~200 MeV/c 4T spectrometer I 4T spectrometer II TOF Cooling cell (~10%)  =5-45cm, liquid H 2, RF Final PID: TOF Cherenkov Calorimeter Aims: demonstrate feasibility and performance of a section of cooling channel Main challenges: RF in magnetic field! 10 -3 meas. of emittance Safety issues Some prototyping:

8. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 8 Challenges of MICE: (these things have never been done before) 1. Operate RF cavities of relatively low frequency (200 MHz) at high gradient (16 MV/m) in highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields (1-3 T) dark currents (can heat up LH 2 ), breakdowns 2. Hydrogen safety (substantial amounts of LH 2 in vicinity of RF cavities) 3. Emittance measurement to relative precision of 10 -3 in environment of RF bkg requires low mass and precise tracker low multiple scattering redundancy to fight dark-current-induced background excellent immunity to RF noise complete set of PID detectors And… 4. Obtaining funding for R&D towards a facility that is not (yet) in the plans of a major lab

9. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 9 encouraging signs from CERN… (fixed target committee) SPC CERN’s Scientific Policy Committee

10. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 10 From RAL: Letter to Ken Long (spokesperson of UKNF Collaboration) to initiate the ‘scoping study’

11. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 11 NUFACT00 2000-2001 NUFACT01 7:30 am Sept. 2001 November 2001 January 2002 June 2002 January 2003 July 2003 October 2003 December 2003 June 2004 20 December 2004 March 2005 April 2005 Re-activated the recognized need for muon cooling expt Workshops on Muon Cooling Experiment (CERN, Chicago, London) Steering group formed Workshop at CERN where final experiment took shape. Letter of Intent (LOI) submitted to PSI and RAL PSI cannot host experiment, will collaborate (beam solenoid) RAL IPRP Review Panel encouraged submission of a proposal Proposal submitted Recommendation by International Peer Review Panel ‘Scientific approval’ letter by RAL CEO JohnWood Project Manager appointed (P. Drumm, RAL) RAL CM: collaboration charter approved Gateway 1 review Gateway 1 passed on ‘amber’ Gateway 2/3 passed 10 green + 4 amber (MICE PHASE I) Release of UK phase I funding approved by PPARC and CCLRC 9.7 M£ US Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration proposes a 5-year plan to fund MICE MICE is an international effort from the start.

12. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 12  - STEP I: April 2007 STEP II: October 2007 STEP III: 2008 STEP IV: 2008 STEP V 2008? STEP VI aim: 2009 implementation in steps physics-based: understanding of systematics all configurations successfully matched optically PHASE I PHASE II

13. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 13 The MICE collaboration (slides to be added for organization and charter)

14. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 14 Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium University of Sofia, Bulgaria INFN Bari, INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN Genova, INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN Milano, INFN Napoli, INFN Padova, INFN Roma III, INFN Trieste, Italy KEK, Osaka University, Japan NIKHEF, The Netherlands CERN Geneva University, Paul Scherrer Institut Switzerland Brunel University Edinburgh Glasgow Liverpool ICL London Oxford Darsbury RAL Sheffield UK Argonne National Laboratory. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Fairfield University, University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Fermilab, Illinois Institute of Technology, Jefferson Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, UCLA, Northern Illinois University, University of Iowa, University of Mississippi, UC Riverside, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA THE MICE COLLABORATION 140 collaborators

15. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 15 The specificities of MICE: MICE is a collaboration of accelerator physicists and particle physics experimenters MICE is international Hardware responsibilities equate committment to provide specific items There exist collaborations for specific items: ex: Tracker is a collaboration between UK, US, Japan absorbers are a US-Japan collaboration There are no collaboration-wide shared expenses as could be found in large experimental collaborations There exist no common fund or author tax at this point. Very few MOU’s have been signed so far -- RF sources from Berkeley -- PSI solenoid The software, analysis etc… are freely shared items.

16. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 16 Internal MICE Organization MICE charter voted in 2004. Collaboration board 1 rep/institute elects spokesperson reviews EB activity votes on decisions prepared by EB chair: Dan Kaplan IIT Executive Board 12 spokesperson(A.B) deputy Project manager software coord. analysis coord. 2 reps from UK,US,EU,JP manages collaboration life nominates personnel prepares decisions for CB Technical Board 12 Project manager (Paul Drumm) management of the project reports to EB +spokesperson +deputy +software coord. +level 2 WBS coordinators enforces design and safety reviews change control documents exp.design Editorial board Speakers bureau Analysis forum controls quality of publications proposes publication policy solicits talks at conferences and proposes speakers discusses how to achieve the physics goals of the experiment numbers of meetings per year 3 ~3 12 3 collaboration meetings/yr 1 video conf/month

17. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 17 External MICE organization MICE collaboration CCLRC MICE Project Board MICE Funding Agencies Committee MICE stakeholders Board manages issues concerning host lab. and its relations with the collaboration Today is the first MICE Funding Agency Committee this constitutes an important step in our development. We expect to report regularly and would like to make sure that data are reported in the right format.

18. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 18 The MICE partners: I. UK MICE-UK (Spokesperson Ken Long, ICL) is composed of the following institutions CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory University groups: Brunel, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Imperial College London, Liverpool, Oxford,Sheffield The UK groups have been extremely successful at promoting the Neutrino Factory in the UK. (NUFACT02, UKNF collaboration, etc…) They obtained a grant of 7.5 M£ from the Office of Science and Technology. Contributions Host experiment, provide project management (Paul Drumm, RAL) for phase I: Infrastructure: target, beam line, experimental hall, supports, controls, control room, etc… R&D to assemble RF power sources R&D towards liquid hydrogen infrastructure and storage system Tracker (in collaboration with US and Japan) for phase II: Focus coils (in absorber module) Completion of RF sources and liquid hydrogen system and remaining infrastructure

19. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 19 The MICE partners: I. UK MICE UK has been fully funded for phase I: 9.7M£ OST grant + PPARC Funding for phase II (3.3 M£) will need to be placed in 2006. Additional project envisaged: construction of one prototype RF cavity in collaboration between industrial partners CCLRC and university groups Independent funding opportunity exists.

20. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 20 The MICE partners: II. US US: The Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration founded in 1998 spokespersons: S. Geer, R.B.Palmer Project Manager: Mike Zisman (also deputy spokesperson of MICE) partners: BNL, Fermilab, LBNL + university groups. NFMCC has pioneered the concept of MICE and developed, through the MUCOOL program, the critical components. The MICE cooling cell is an improved version of the cooling cell used in « study II ». The critical remaining R&D consists in tests of 201 MHz RF cavity in magnetic fields to understand whether the needed RF fields can be reached or what needs to be done to reach them. RF cavity no. 1 is built and arrived at FNAL early september 05, for testing. Initially the tests can be done in the stray field of another magnet, but the real magnet (‘coupling coil’) will be needed for a definitive test.

21. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 21 The MICE partners: II. US (Ctd) The NFMCC is funded at the level of 3.6 M$/ year by DOE in addition it received for MICE specifically: -- an NSF grant of 100k$ a year for the first three years -- an MRI grant of 750k$ from NSF this has to cover -- the personnel for studies and engineering and tests -- travel and other consummables -- the hardware construction for MUCOOL, MICE and the recently approved target experiment at CERN ( nTOF11 a.k.a. MERIT)

22. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 22 The collaboration has proposed the following budget for MICE and MUCOOL: This will cover the following hardware contributions to MICE – 2 spectrometer solenoids – 2 RFCC modules (1 for step 5, 2 for step 6) – 1 Cherenkov detector (upstream) – a portion of tracker detector (electronics) – 6 absorber windows (plus spares) Hardware cost of these items for step 5 is 3.9M$, for step 6 is 5.3M$ The funding profile pushes step 3 to oct. 2008 and delays MUCOOL solutions to be found: cash advance from RAL (under investigation) provision of coupling coil/RF cavities from other collaborators The MICE partners: II. US (Ctd)

23. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 23 Osaka University KEK Responsibilities in MICE Liquid H2 absorbers (R&D and MICE absorbers) Fiber tracker (R&D, fibers) hosted the fiber tracker beam test. funding: Japan-US collaboration (100k$ per year) grant request for future neutrino beams is being prepared (together with HyperKamiokande R&D) for phase II about 100 OkuYens (~1M$) to be submitted in November 2005. The Japanese team have been remarkably reliable collaborators in MUCOOL and MICE. Osaka has also a project PRISM for preparation of a monochromatic muon beam using an FFAG. The MICE partners: III. Japan

24. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 24 The MICE partners: IV. Switzerland PSI: PSI provides a (used) beam solenoid. The cost of a new one would be estimated at ~3MCHF. The solenoid has been prepared and is ready to leave PSI. Crygenics did not come with it and have to be provided by RAL (UK phase I) Geneva University: dedicated funding request was refused in 2004. Rolling grant is approved  ~80 kCHF/Yr for hardware and consummables funding for 1 PhD student and one postdoc is granted. Responsibility: data acquisition, trigger. There is a possibility that a coupling coil could be built in Switzerland, a bid being prepared for 1MCHF/3 years. If successful this would bring the MUCOOL or MICE coupling coil earlier in time. Bulgarian collaboration: Swiss National Foundation has granted a Institutional Partnership and Joint Research project with Sofia University. Several Bulgarian researchers. Will contribute to TOF and trigger.

25. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 25 The MICE partners: V. Italy Initially a large group of experimenters from the HARP collaboration + an accelerator group from Frascati + an engineering group from Genoa was hoping to bid for the spectrometer solenoids (and contributed substantially to the design) but this was discouraged by INFN R&D and design work for the solenoids, the time of flight and calorimeter were nevertheless carried out. Bid was submitted in July 2005 for detectors (Time-of-Flight and calorimeter) for about 1M€. This is the main missing component of phase I. Hope is that this first step will be followed by further participation from accelerator physicists in Italy.

26. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 26 The MICE partners: VI. NIKHEF Amsterdam, Nijmegen will contribute the magnetic sensors to the experiment. + 1 PhD student. The MICE partners: VI. Louvain G. Gregoire has participated actively in MICE and performed the design of the downstream Cherenkov. (value 250 k€, the phototubes would be donated by the Trieste group from the CHOOZ experiment) GG has now retired and it is not clear that the group will be able to continue. We are investigating the effect of having no Cherenkov on the performance of the downstream particle identification system

27. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 27 The MICE partners: VII. CERN The present form of MICE was largely conceived by the CERN group. Following budget cuts end 2001 the contribution of CERN was reduced to the following: CERN has earmarked used RF material able to assemble 2RF power sources providing 2MW each (this is enough to power one of the RF modules). This will remain the property of CERN. a request has been placed to the CERN AB-head for refurbishing this equipement (cost: 170 kCHF) MICE is CERN recognized experiment RE11.

28. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 28 at this point MICE (PhaseI) is an approved and funded project in 5 countries -- UK: 9.7M£ -- USA: funding from the NFMCC +RF source + NSF grant 300k$ + MRI grant 750k$. The NFMCC budget plan for spectrometer solenoids, tracker electronics and RFCC modules. -- Japan: US-Japan ~$100k/yr, UK-Japan (travel funds) (+ 1M$ requested) -- Switzerland: PSI solenoid + Uni-Geneva-NSwissF (80KCHF/yr)+ 1 PDA+1PhDS -- Netherlands: Mag probes (in production!) + 1 PhDS + Proposal submitted in Italy (TOF, Calorimeter) Summary:

29. MICE collaboration meeting Alain Blondel 26-29 June 2005 29 Conclusions: 1.the MICE experiment is scientifically approved and recognized internationally it has a structure and a charter. 2. the collaboration is making excellent progress in all fronts: simulations R&D engineering prototyping construction 3. the funding for phase I is largely complete and will be essentially complete if the INFN bid succeeds-- only Cherenkov II would remain a question. 4. the funding for phase II is being prepared. We have a baseline solution for MICE up to step V and we are working to assure that step VI can be performed in good time for the decision making year 2010