1. Sensory Awareness Trail Project 06209 Tony Wong Luke Hogan Rich Adams Chiedu Monu Tim Mugwanya

2. Mission Statement To provide sensory stimulation by implementing various sights and sounds that incorporate physical presence of the environment. To provide sensory stimulation by implementing various sights and sounds that incorporate physical presence of the environment. Sponsor: Everybody Rides Program located in Newark, NY Sponsor: Everybody Rides Program located in Newark, NY

3. Background Everybody Rides is a non-profit therapeutic horseback riding program that serves over 400 riders with developmental disabilities annually. Everybody Rides is a non-profit therapeutic horseback riding program that serves over 400 riders with developmental disabilities annually. Uses Hippotherapy, or therapy on horseback. A physical therapist and riding instructor work as a team to provide exercises which positively impact the rider's physical limitations. Uses Hippotherapy, or therapy on horseback. A physical therapist and riding instructor work as a team to provide exercises which positively impact the rider's physical limitations.

4. Stakeholders People with Developmental Disabilities People with Developmental Disabilities Employees and Volunteers of the Everybody Rides program Employees and Volunteers of the Everybody Rides program Maintenance Personnel Maintenance Personnel Physical Therapists Physical Therapists

5. Market Primary Market – Riders, trainers, and other employees of the Everybody Rides Program. Primary Market – Riders, trainers, and other employees of the Everybody Rides Program. Secondary Market – Other therapeutic horseback riding programs and sensory trails. Secondary Market – Other therapeutic horseback riding programs and sensory trails.

6. Needs Assessment –Stimulate the motor skills of participants. –Incorporate sensory stimulus for all participants especially those who are visually-impaired. –Help participants understand their surroundings and its features. –Projects shall require little maintenance and should be easily accessible to maintenance crews. –All projects shall be safe for all ages and abilities. –The project component shall not cause a disturbance to all users including humans as well as horses on the trail.

7. Needs Assessment (cont.) –Any required electrical energy shall be generated on site using a renewable power source. –All project components shall be weatherproof. –Constructed stations shall not be easily accessible to small animals. –Project components shall not obstruct the pre- existing trail. –Anything built shall look as natural as possible. –Develop a plan of unfinished projects for future design groups to undertake.

8. Design Requirements Mechanical –All projects require maintenance less than 3 times annually. –Electronics are enclosed in no less than one layer of weatherproofing. –All electronic enclosures are screwed shut. –All wood is pressure treated and/or sealed with water repellant. Electrical –No more than 300 mA on any circuits. –All power sources must be renewable/rechargeable. Aesthetics –All installed objects are off of the beaten path in locations agreed upon by Everybody Rides. –All projects’ external parts are colors or materials found in nature.

9. Design Requirements (cont.) Activity –1/3 of devices installed stimulate the motor skills of participants either by using the device itself or by doing as it instructs. –100% of devices installed stimulate the sense of hearing when used properly. –If all devices are used on the trail: Sense of smell is stimulated at least once. Sense of smell is stimulated at least once. Sense of touch is stimulated at least once. Sense of touch is stimulated at least once. Sense of sight is stimulated beyond the normal level on the trail at least once. Sense of sight is stimulated beyond the normal level on the trail at least once. –At least 4 narrative boxes highlight different aspects of the trail. Safety –Any edges on devices are no sharper than anything found in nature. –Load bearing projects have a factor of safety of 2 or higher. –No device uses flashing lights. –Decibel levels of all installed devices, when used as instructed, do not exceed 85. –All open containers intended for storage (baskets, buckets, etc.) have openings of 12” diameter or greater. General –Plan includes top 4 ideas not installed on the trail as agreed upon by everybody rides.

10. QFD

11. QFD Top Ranking Design Requirements 1.Electronics are enclosed in no less than one layer of weather proofing 2.Decibel levels are no more than 85 3.No devices use flashing lights 4.Load bearing objects have factor of safety of 2 or higher 5.All wood is pressure treated and/or sealed with water repellant

12. Assessment of Existing Designs CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS Everybody Rides SASOL Sensory Trail Blue Marsh Lakes Sensory Trail At Earth Center Alabama Sensory Trail 1.Develop plan for future groups50000 2.Stimulate Motor Skills55337 3.Incorporate Sensory Stimulus77775 4.Help understand surroundings310733 5.Require little maintenance571077 6.All projects should be safe107777 7. Projects should not cause disturbance77757 8.All energy renewable70100 9.Weatherproof7710 5 10.Not easily accessible to animals50135 11.Not obstruct pre-existing trail510 03 12.Look natural710507 SUMMATIONS7370684556

13. List of Ideas NameOperation 1 Narrative Audio Boxes Electrical box that informs uses about nature via speakers 2 Talking Animal Silhouettes Electrical Box that is used with animal silhouettes to inform uses about different animals 3 Solar-powered fountain Self powered fountain water fountain 4 Bridge Bridge that crosses stream to allow access to part of the trail 5 Bamboo Chimes Large chime where users strike bamboo to produce sounds 6 Squirrel Bird Station Device mounted to a tree where users pull a rope to move a squirrel up a track 7 Woodpecker Wooden bird mounted to a tree where users pull a rope to make it rock and hit the tree 8 Pine cone buckets Wicker baskets mounted on trees for users to transport pine cones in and out of 9 Hand-Powered Animals Crank is moved by users to make animals hop up and down 10 Water-wheel A wheel that users can turn to cause water to splash 11 Trotting Wheels Large wheel that is spun to cause noises of horse hoofs 12 Map Map at beginning of trail to allow users to know where things are 13 Nature Scent Station Station where air pump is hit to cause a smell to be released 14 Squirting Fish Fish are mounted on a post where users can make water come out of their mouths 15 Ramp / Footprint Identifier A ramp to climb where, at the top, a concrete animal footprint identifier can be found 16 Feeling Boxes Boxes that contain different objects to touch like fur or rocks

14. Feasibility Technical Feasibility Group Experience Reference Material Tools Average Ranking Pine Cone Buckets 5555.00 Solar Powered Fountain 4554.67 Feeling Boxes 4454.33 Woodpecker3454.00 Squirrel Chase 3454.00 Map3454.00 Bridge2554.00 Nature Scent Station 4354.00 Hand Powered Animals 3353.67 Bamboo Chimes 3353.67 Water Wheel 2353.33 Ramp to Footprint 2353.33 Trotting Wheel 2353.33 Squirting Fish 1353.00 Talking Animal Silhouettes 1332.33 Narrative Audio Boxes 1332.33 5 = most feasible, 1 = least feasible

15. Feasibility Schedule Feasibility (hours) AnalysisResearch Installation and Construction SetbacksTesting Total Hours Ranking Solar Powered Fountain 0.00.52.51.00.54.55 Pine Cone Buckets 0.51.02.51.00.05.05 Feeling Boxes 0.51.03.01.00.05.55 Squirrel Chase 3.03.05.01.00.512.54 Woodpecker5.02.05.01.00.513.54 Hand Powered Animals 4.03.06.01.50.515.04 Squirting Fish 5.01.020.01.00.527.54 Nature Scent Station 5.01.020.01.00.527.54 Map2.02.060.02.00.066.03 Bamboo Chimes 6.05.060.01.00.572.53 Ramp to Footprint 10.03.060.03.00.576.53 Water Wheel 10.03.060.03.01.077.03 Trotting Wheel 20.03.060.03.01.087.03 Bridge100.050.0100.020.01.0271.02 Narrative Audio Box 100.0100.060.0100.02.0362.01 Talking Animal Silhouettes 100.0100.065.0100.02.0367.01 5 = most feasible, 1 = least feasible

16. Preference List ConceptPreference Narrative Audio Boxes 1 Talking Animal Silhouettes 2 Solar Powered Fountain 3 Bridge4 Bamboo Chimes 5 Squirrel Chase 6 Woodpecker7 Pine Cone Buckets 8 Hand Powered Animals 9 Water Wheel 10 Trotting Wheels 11 Map12 Nature Scent Station 13 Squirting Fish 14 Ramp to Footprint 15 Feeling Boxes 16

17. Feasibility Economical Feasibility Total Dollars Ranking Woodpecker$12.925 Pine Cone Bucket $19.945 Mechanical Animals $32.024 Squirrel-Bird$37.524 Solar Powered Fountain $39.974 Bamboo Chimes $224.722 Talking Animal Silhouettes $386.181 Narrative Audio Boxes $660.481 Bridge$665.821 5 = most feasible, 1 = least feasible

18. Selected Projects ConceptPreference Narrative Audio Boxes 1 Talking Animal Silhouettes 2 Solar Powered Fountain 3 Bridge4 Bamboo Chimes 5 Pine Cone Buckets 8

19. Narrative Audio Boxes Operation: The hand-crank powered speakers will highlight exceptional nature specimens. Operation: The hand-crank powered speakers will highlight exceptional nature specimens. Needs Assessment Narrative Audio Boxes Motor Skills √ Stimulate Senses √ Education of Surrounding √ Little Maintenance √ Safety√ No Disturbances √ Renewable Energy √ Weatherproof√ Animal Accessibility √ No Obstructions √ Natural Look √ Playback Button Speaker Hand-crank Generator Handle

20. Animal Silhouettes Station Operation: Informative audio clips combine with animal silhouettes to create a matching game Operation: Informative audio clips combine with animal silhouettes to create a matching game Needs Assessment Animal Silhouette Station Motor Skills √ Stimulate Senses √ Education of Surrounding √ Little Maintenance √ Safety√ No Disturbances √ Renewable Energy √ Weatherproof√ Animal Accessibility √ No Obstructions √ Natural Look √

21. Audio Circuit Block Diagram 5V Regulator (LM340/LM7800C) 5V Regulator (LM340/LM7800C) 2-Watt speaker with 8-ohm impedance 2-Watt speaker with 8-ohm impedance Charge CircuitRecord/Playback Module Amplifier Input Output Generator Rectifier/Regulator

22. Operating Specifications R OUT (Ohms)V OUT (V)I OUT (A)P OUT (W) 103.630.361.3068 5004.860.1520.73872 1.00E+035.0545.05E-030.02552 Hand-Crank Generator Standby Current (A) Output Voltage (V) Output Current (A) Output Power (W) 0.0350.31.5 Power Amplifier

23. Charging Circuit Challenge Rechargeable Battery Rechargeable Battery -Advantage: Very Reliable and convenient. -Disadvantage: In case of battery leakage, internal materials may be hazardous to environment. Capacitor Capacitor -Advantage: Stores voltage over long periods of time. -Disadvantage: Discharges very rapidly on its own.

24. Recording Module One button is pushed down to record the message. The LED turns on during this time. One button is pushed down to record the message. The LED turns on during this time. The other button just has to be momentarily pressed to replay the message. The other button just has to be momentarily pressed to replay the message. All you have to add is the speaker and 5V power. All you have to add is the speaker and 5V power. Duration of Playback: 20 sec Duration of Playback: 20 secParameterTypicalMaxUnit Operation Voltage 56V Operation Current (no load) recording/playback25mA Standby Current 510uA

25. Bamboo Chimes Operation: a giant bamboo chime, that is struck by riders and walkers of the trail, to create a melodic sound. Operation: a giant bamboo chime, that is struck by riders and walkers of the trail, to create a melodic sound. Needs Assessment Bamboo Chime Station Motor Skills √ Stimulate Senses √ Education of Surrounding Little Maintenance √ Safety√ No Disturbances √ Renewable Energy Weatherproof√ Animal Accessibility √ No Obstructions √ Natural Look √

26. Bamboo Chimes Installation 4 ft. Frost Depth 4 ft. Frost Depth Anchored by Concrete Anchored by Concrete

27. Bamboo Chimes FS: 69.6 FS: 19.3 2” x 4”

28. Trail Bridge Operation: Horseback and walking clients will be able to safely cross this bridge where a creek intersects the trail Operation: Horseback and walking clients will be able to safely cross this bridge where a creek intersects the trail Needs Assessment Bridge Motor Skills Stimulate Senses √ Education of Surrounding Little Maintenance √ Safety√ No Disturbances √ Renewable Energy Weatherproof√ Animal Accessibility No Obstructions √ Natural Look √

29. Trail Bridge Properties of Eastern Hemlock Properties of Eastern Hemlock Relative Humidity ↑ Properties ↓ Relative Humidity ↑ Properties ↓ Worst Case Humidity: 88% in September (www.weather.com) Worst Case Humidity: 88% in September (www.weather.com) Moisture Content: 21% (from chart in The Wood Handbook) Moisture Content: 21% (from chart in The Wood Handbook) Properties were adjusted: Properties were adjusted: PROPERTIES @ 12% (M 1 ) @ 20.9% (M 2 ) Specific Gravity 0.40.3965 Modulus of Rupture 8900 psi 8774 psi Modulus of Elasticity 1200 ksi 1177 ksi Max Crushing Strength (Parallel) 5410 psi 5324 psi Compression Perpendicular at Proportional Limit 650 psi 642 psi Shear Strength Parallel to Grain 1060 psi 1051 psi Values at 12% obtained from the Wood Handbook

30. Column Buckling Analysis RESULTS: Critical Load = 186940.3 lbs Critical Stress = 5192.8 psi Slender Ratio of Short Column Equivalent Length for fixed-fixed support Critical Stress Critical Load

31. Top & Bottom Beam Bottom Beam Top Beam

32. Bottom Beam Bridge Part von mises sigma Y sigma Y shear stress Top Beam 55.8955.5329.90 Bottom Beam 27.5131.567.32 Safety Factors

33. Cross Plank & Ramp Ramp Cross Plank

34. Center Loading of Cross Plank Left Loading of Cross Plank Bridge Part von mises sigma Y shear stress Center10.629.266.06 Left6.099.262.47 Safety Factors

35. Worst Shearing Stress Cases Ramp( upper load, closer to middle) FS: 1.47 Ramp (middle loading) FS: 1.28 Ramp (toward bottom) FS: 1.49

36. Stress Analysis for Bridge Bridge Component max von mises stress max sigma Y stress max shear stress F.S. (von mises) F.S. (sigma Y) F.S (shear stress) Top Beam 157-158-35.1455.8955.5329.90 Bottom Beam 319-278-143.4827.5131.567.32 Cross Plank with Center loading 826-947.2173.4210.629.266.06 Cross Plank with loading on left 1440-947.2426.16.099.262.47 Ramp( right load) 1759-2013511.54.994.362.05 Ramp( right load, closer to center) 1770-2019-715.564.964.351.47 Ramp( center) 1764-2016-822.254.974.351.28 Ramp (toward left) 1752-2008-703.45.014.371.49 Ramp (left with entire leg constrained) 1734-1990328.435.064.413.20 Ramp (leftmost loading with leg fixed) 1737-1993335.25.054.403.13 Unit: psi

37. Load Analysis of Bridge Joints Bridge Component horizontal reaction force vertical reaction force Total Reaction Force F.S of Joint Top Beam 0.0085.3385.339.96 Bottom Beam 292.99243.09380.702.23 Cross Plank with Center loading -226.18191.33296.252.87 Cross Plank with loading on left -225.97346.17413.402.06 Ramp( right load) -291.97164.63335.192.54 Ramp( right load, closer to center) -317.19126.53341.502.49 Ramp( center) 266.6729.60268.313.17 Ramp (left with entire leg constrained) -1.5936.2336.2623.44 Ramp (leftmost loading with leg fixed) 0.0021.6821.6839.22 Maximum Allowable workload of Angled Bracket 850lb

38. Solar-Powered Fountain and Pine Cone Bucket Cost: $39.97 Cost: $39.88Pugh Needs Assessment Solar-Powered Fountain Pine Cone Buckets 4.1 Project Plan 00 4.2 Motor Skills 0+ 4.3 Stimulate Senses ++ 4.4 Education of Surrounding 00 4.5 Little Maintenance ++ 4.6 Safety ++ 4.7 No Disturbances ++ 4.8 Renewable Energy +0 4.9 Weatherproof ++ 4.10 Animal Accessibility ++ 4.11 No Obstructions ++ 4.12 Natural Look ++ Total99

39. Total Cost Estimated Cost Narrative Audio Boxes $660.48 Talking Animal Silhouettes $386.18 Bamboo Chimes $224.72 Solar Powered Fountain $39.97 Pine Cone Buckets $39.88 Total$1,351.23 Surplus$648.77

40. Future Ideas Packet : Squirrel Chase Pull Rope DownSquirrel Moves Up Mounted to Tree or Post User Pulls Rope to Move Squirrel

41. Future Ideas Packet: Woodpecker Pull Rope Down Bird Rocks Forward Mounted to Tree or Post User Pulls Rope, Bird Pivots to Hit Wood

42. Future Ideas Packet: Hand Powered Animals Rotate Handle Mounted to Post User Turns Handle, Animals Bob Up and Down

43. Future Ideas Packet: Water Wheel Bevel Gears Mounted to Post at Waters Edge User Turns Handle, Causes Wheel Spin and Splash Water

44. Future Agenda Order Parts by Week 4 Order Parts by Week 4 Construct Stations by Week 8 Construct Stations by Week 8 Test Stations Weeks 8-10 Test Stations Weeks 8-10 Develop Ideas Packet Weeks 8-10 Develop Ideas Packet Weeks 8-10

45. Acknowledgements Dr. Elizabeth DeBartolo – Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Rochester Institute of Technology Dr. Daniel Phillips – Professor of Electrical Engineering at the Rochester Institute of Technology Bob Brewer – Chief Engineer and Department Manager, NTID ITV at the Rochester Institute of Technology Jeana Sansocie – Student of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the Rochester Institute of Technology Sue Epstein – Program Director and Volunteer Coordinator for Everybody Rides in Newark, NY Lisa Williams – Riding Instructor for Everybody Rides in Newark, NY Jo Anderson – Riding Instructor for Everybody Rides in Newark, NY Ron Mamroe – Barn Manager for Everybody Rides in Newark, NY Mark DeCracker – Recreational Therapist for Everybody Rides in Newark, NY Bob Whitbeck – Recreational Therapist for Everybody Rides in Newark, NY This material is based upon work supported by the national Science Foundation under Award No. BES-0527358 Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.