1. Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and West

2. The Byzantine Empire I. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world II. The Reign of Justinian (527-565) Nika Revolts 532 Church: Hagia Sophia (537) Law: uniform law for empire Corpus Juris Civilis III. Expansion and Decline of Empire

4. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world The Reign of Justinian (527-565) 532: Nika Revolts Church Eastern Church and orthodoxy Hagia Sophia (537) Society and Politics Bribery and limits on women’s status Powerful bureaucracy Taxes, expansion, and building projects Codification of law Uniform law for Empire based on precedent Corpus Juris Civilis

5. Mosiac of Emperor Justinian (527-564)

6. Hagia Sophia A.D. 537

7. I. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world II.The Reign of Justinian (527-565) 532: Nika Revolts Church Eastern Church and orthodoxy Hagia Sophia (537) Society and Politics Bribery and limits on women’s status Powerful bureaucracy Taxes, expansion, and building projects Codification of law Uniform law for Empire based on precedent Corpus Juris Civilis

8. Theodora (d. 548), Wife of Emperor Justinian

10. III. Byzantine Empire: Gradual Decline Persian invasions: Jerusalem (614) and Egypt (619) Siege of Constantinople by the Avars (626) Defeat of Byzantine army by the Bulgars (670) The decline of urban life

11. Europe at the death of Justinian, 565

12. IV. The Rise and Development of the Islamic World Background Muhammad as Prophet Islamic Beliefs Spread of Islam Islamic Scholarship

13. Koran in the majestic Kufic script (7 th or 8 th century) The Rise of Islam Bedouins before the 7 th century Muhammed (c. 570-632) and the Qur’an Monotheism: “no divinity but God and Muhammed is the Messenger” Hegira the journey from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) and back (622) The five pillars of Islam: Faith, prayer 5 times daily, zakat (alms), fast of Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca Ummah = community of believers

14. The five pillars of Islam : Faith (shahadah) Prayer (salah) Charity (Zakat) Fast of Ramadan (9 th month of Islamic calendar) Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) (629)

15. Ka’ba Black meteorite in Mecca 624: Badr 629: Mecca

17. Islamic Conquests Battle of Badr 624 (control of Mecca) Battle of Badr 624 (control of Mecca) Conquest of Palestine and Persia by 637 Conquest of Palestine and Persia by 637 Seige of Constantinople 674 Seige of Constantinople 674 Conquest of Visigothic kingdom by 711 Conquest of Visigothic kingdom by 711 Battle of Poitiers/Tours 734 Battle of Poitiers/Tours 734

18. Growth of Islam by Eighth Century Martel turns back Muslims at Poitiers by 732

19. Scientific and cultural contributions to the West Inquiry and Islam Philosophy Ibn Sina 980-1037 Mathematics Al-Khwarizmi book on “Al-jabr” Science Navigation

20. Astrolabe Family of Al- Asturlabi Measures altitude of sun to calculate time and latitutde

21. Illustration of constellation, Andromeda C, in Al-Sufi, Book of Images of the Fixed Stars (964)