1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 Chapter 5 Operating System System software Categories of operating systems OS role in: – –Providing user interaction – –Managing the processor, memory, hardware – –Interacting with application software – –Starting the computer Desktop and Windows features OS role in keeping the desktop organized Utility programs

2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2 System Software: The OS 1/2 Controls computer functions (hardware, processor, memory, peripheral devices) Provides means for software to work with CPU Responsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasks Provides user interface

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3 System Software: Utilities 2/2 Utilities: Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks – –Backup – –Security – –Diagnostic – –Maintenance – –Recovery

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4 Operating System Categories Traditionally included four categories: – –Single-user, single-task Examples: old DOS, old cell phones, old PDAs – –Single-user, multitask Examples: Windows 7*, Mac OSX*, smartphones – –Multiuser, multitask Examples: Windows 7, Mac OSX, UNIX, i5/OS – –Real-time (RTOS) Example: found in measurement instruments * Win 7, Mac OSX, etc, are multiuser due to network capabilities.

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5 Real-Time Operating Systems Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result Uses include: – –Automobiles – –Printers – –VoIP phones – –Medical devices – –Robotic equipment

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6 Multiuser multitask Operating Systems If an OS has networking capabilities then it is multiuser and called network operating system Allow access to the computer system by more than one user Manage user requests Systems include: – –Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7, Mac OSX – –Linux – –UNIX – –z/OS

7. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7 Multiuser multitask – UNIX OS Multiuser, multitask operating system for primarily mainframes Yet also found on PCs AT&T Bell Labs created UNIX and then licensed it to Santa Cruz Op.Group Vendors can modify the code: – –Hewlett-Packard verison is HP/UX – –Sun version is Solaris – –IBM’s version is AIX

8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8 Multi-user multitask Mainframes Supercomputers Other multiuser, multitask computer operating systems: – –Mainframes Handle requests from hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously z/OS is OS of IBM zSeries mainframe – –Supercomputers Used by scientists and engineers

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9 Single-User Operating Systems Single-Task Systems Perform one task at a time Old PDAs – –Palm OS – –Windows Mobile Old Cell phone – –Proprietary OS Multitask Systems Perform multitasks at a time Windows XP, Vista, Win7, Mac OSX originally thought of as single-user but really multi-user now due to networkability

10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10 Smartphones (single user multitask OS) Old cell phone + old PDAs = new Smartphones Smartpone OS’s: – –Blackberry OS – –Nokia Symbian OS - ending 2016; replaced by Microsoft Windows Phone 7 – –iPhone iOS – –Google Android (is Linux based) – –Palm with HP webOS It is a computer, phone, camera, Internet browser. Runs apps, including GPS

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11 Desktop and Notebook Operating Systems An operating system combined with a processor is known as a platform – –Microsoft Windows OS with Intel and AMD processors – –Apple Macintosh OS with Motorola, IBM, and Intel processors OS not interchangeable between platforms Most Applic. software is platform specific Note Macs and Windows PCs can be networked tog.

12. Microsoft Windows Originally a single-user OS, but starting with Windows XP, is multi-user OS because it include networking capabilities Windows 7 is newest version Some systems have touch screen functionality Microsoft strived to increased functionality, improve user-friendliness, Internet, and privacy and security Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12

13. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 13 Mac OS First commercially available OS with point- and-click technology (GUI) Excellence in Graphics display, Processing, System reliability, File backup Fewer applications avail than for Windows More expensive Can run Windows in “boot camp” utility Networkable (making it multi-user)

14. Mac vs. Windows Similar functionality Streamlined user interface Window-like work areas on the desktop Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14 MacWindows

15. Linux Linus Torvalds created as a student in college, Finland ‘91Linus Torvalds created as a student in college, Finland ‘91 Open-source operating system (source code is avail.)Open-source operating system (source code is avail.) Stable system based on UNIXStable system based on UNIX Code tweaked by Gnu ProjectCode tweaked by Gnu Project Free (download from Internet)Free (download from Internet) –Linux distributors (Red Hat, Ubuntu, Fedora, Suse) sell versions for the support they provide.. Linux is part of the Open Source set of software (other such OpenOffice, MySQL)Linux is part of the Open Source set of software (other such OpenOffice, MySQL) networkablenetworkable 15 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

16. 16 What the OS Does Next 8 slides… Provides a user interface (see next slide) Manages the CPU Manages memory and storage Manages hardware and peripheral devices Coordinates application software with the CPU

17. The User Interface Enables you to interact with the computerEnables you to interact with the computer Types of interfaces:Types of interfaces: –Command-driven interface (In XP: Start > All Progrs > Accessories folder > Command prompt; In Windows 7, search on “cmd”, press.) –Menu-driven interface –Graphical user interface Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17 Command-driven Menu-driven Graphical

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18 Processor Management (“interrupt”, “stacks” etc (details) of this slide not required) Controls the timing of events the processor works on – –Multitasking – –Interrupts – –Interrupt handler – –Interrupt table –OS puts reminder where it left off when it was interrupted and did other event (task) –Stack - OS puts reminder where it left off when it was interrupted and did other event (task)

19. System Requirements Windows 7 Windows 7 w/o Areo: 1GB of RAM1GB of RAM (Recall: To turn Areo on: right-click desktop, Personalize. Select an Areo theme.) Windows 7 w/ Areo 4GB for x64 (64-bit) systems [2GB of RAM for x86 systems (32-bit)], 128MB of video RAM Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19

20. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20 Upgrade to Windows 7? Considerations/research needed For 64-bit sys need 4 GB of RAM Is support for your current OS expiring soon? Many times current OS is best fitted to your equipment Make sure your software and devices are compatible; Recommended that you use Windows 7 Upgrade advisor – –Can download this program. It scans your computer to see what software (and drivers for hardware) are on your computer and whether compatible with Win 7. – –Then if software not compatible, you need to research it to find its update -- or uninstall it.

21. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21 Virtual Memory Instructions and data are stored in RAM temporarily as program is running. From there they go to CPU to be executed. IF RAM GETS FULL, the data is forced to get stored on hard drive This hard drive location is called Swap file (= Page file) Terms: swapping = paging – –Thrashing – excessive paging or swapping

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22 Hardware and Peripheral Device Management Device drivers – –Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices – –Provided by the manufacturer of the device Plug and Play – –Hardware and software standard (since Windows 95) – –Facilitates the installation of new hardware b/c Wins OS has many drivers “on file” (Thus you do not have to install yourself usually)

23. Device Manager © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 23 Learn more before using XP: right-click MyComputer, Props, Hardware Tab, Device Manager button Vista: right-click Computer, Props, link at left is Device Manager) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23

24. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24 Software Application Coordination (this slide NOT required) Application programming interfaces (APIs) – –Blocks of code contained in the operating system – –Coordinate the operating system with software applications – –Similar toolbars and menus – –Microsoft DirectX

25. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25 Starting the Computer (this slide NOT required) The boot process 1. 1.BIOS is activated. 2. 2.A POST checks attached hardware. 3. 3.The OS loads into RAM. 4. 4.Configuration and customization settings are checked.

26. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26 Handling Errors in the Boot Process (this slide IS required) Safe mode When Windows does not boot properly, one can boot into safe mode IT’s a diagnostic mode where minimal drivers are started up – allowing you to troubleshoot. For ex, from safe mode, you can uninstall any new devices or software that were causing the current issues and then try reinstalling.

27. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27 The Desktop Covered in Windows 7 Supplement

28. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28 Windows Covered in Windows 7 Supplement

29. Viewing Windows Side-by-side Stacked Cascading Flip 3D Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29 Covered in Windows 7 Supplement

30. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30 File Management The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contents. Hierarchical structure of directories: – –Drives Folders   Subfolders » »Files Windows 7: libraries (for personal documents, pictures, videos) Covered in Windows 7 Supplement

31. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31 File Management Covered in Windows 7 Supplement

32. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Many views available – –Details (Can sort on various columns, shows additional info - details) – –Large Icon view PPT slides (shows title slide) – –Extra Large Icon view – –Tiles view (default view of Computers) – –List view – –Small and Medium Icon views Covered in Windows 7 Supplement

33. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33 File Name Extensions 1/2 ExtensionType of DocumentApplication.docWord processing documentMicrosoft Word 2003.docxWord processing documentMicrosoft Word 2007.wpdWord processing documentCorel WordPerfect.xlsxSpreadsheetMicrosoft Excel 2007.accdbDatabaseMicrosoft Access 2007.pptxPowerPoint presentationMicrosoft PowerPoint 2007.pdfPortable Document Format Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader.rtfText (Rich Text Format) Any program that can read text documents.txtText Any program that can read text documents

34. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34 File Name Extensions 2/2 ExtensionType of DocumentApplication.htm or.html Hyper Text Markup Language for a Web page Any program that can read HTML.jpg Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image Most programs capable of displaying images.gif Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) image Most programs capable of displaying images.bmpBitmap imageWindows.zipCompressed fileWinZip

35. Naming Files File name: Name assigned plus file name extension – –Ex: You type my paper and Word 2010 saves it as my paper.docx Up to 255 characters Characters not legal in Windows file names: “ / \ * ? | : Character not legal in Mac file names: : Mac file names are case sensitive (I like to avoid a dot in my file name.) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35

36. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 36 File Path File path or pathname of file (location of file): Use /’s or \’s and a : follows the drive name Practice: Navigate to the folder & file specified: S:/CS101/GO! Student Resource CD (Windows 7)/Student Data Files (01_student_data_files) S:/perel/CS101/old stuff/aa_prac/one.txt

37. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37 Working with Files File management actions – –Open – –Copy – –Move – –Rename – –Delete Recycle Bin (Windows) (files deleted from C: are recoverable.) Trash (Mac)

38. Utility Programs Utility program (defin) - small application program that performs special functions (“housekeeping” functions, to manage resources, customize computer)Utility program (defin) - small application program that performs special functions (“housekeeping” functions, to manage resources, customize computer) example: Display Properties Utility Change the appearance of: Desktop,Change the appearance of: Desktop, Win 7/Vista: Rt-click desktop, Personalization Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 38

39. Utility - Add or Remove Programs Called Add/Remove Programs in XP: XP: Control Panel > Add/Remove ProgramsXP: Control Panel > Add/Remove Programs Called Programs and Features in Vista: Win 7/Vista: Control Panel > Programs > Programs and FeaturesWin 7/Vista: Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39

40. Utility - File Compression Programs 40 Reduce the size of a file by removing redundancies (Reduce the size of a file by removing redundancies (replaces repeated patterns with a shorter placeholder: The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain.) –Rt-click on file/folder in C:, Select Send to > Compressed Folder –Unzip = extract Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

41. System Maintenance Utilities Disk Cleanup: Removes unnecessary files Choose the files to be deleted – –Downloaded program files – –Temporary Internet files – –Offline Web pages – –Recycle Bin Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 41

42. System Maintenance Utilities Disk defragmenter: Regroups related pieces of files Error checker: Checks for lost files and fragments Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 42

43. System Maintenance Utilities Task Manager : ctrl + alt + delctrl + alt + del Unfreeze frozen programUnfreeze frozen program –Click End Task on non-responding program See apps runningSee apps running See processes runningSee processes running If ctrl+alt+del doesn’t work, turn computer off by power button.If ctrl+alt+del doesn’t work, turn computer off by power button. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 43

44. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 44 System Restore Restores your computer to how it was on a previous date. Choose to restore to very last change to your system. Or choose from a list of dates on the next screen to restore back to. You are then prompted to restart.) system restore (Microsoft video)system restore (Microsoft video) You can also create restore points.

45. Other Utilities Utilities for “Maintaining your computer” (and “Securing your online computer”) (separate notes)Utilities for “Maintaining your computer” (and “Securing your online computer”) (separate notes) Backup: Creates a copy of the hard drive (or specific files) to another storage deviceBackup: Creates a copy of the hard drive (or specific files) to another storage device –XP: Accessories folder > Sys Tools. (Else on Windows CD) –Win 7/Vista: Control Panel > Sys and Security, Backup and Restore Utility - accommodates for disabilities:Utility - accommodates for disabilities: –XP: Accessories folder > Accessibility folder –Win 7/Vista: Accessories folder > Ease of Access folder They contain Magnifier, Narrator, speech recognition, etc Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 45