1. INTEGRATION, IMPACTS, AND THE FUTURE OF MANAGEMENT SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Chapter 16
INTEGRATION, IMPACTS, AND THE FUTURE OF MANAGEMENT SUPPORT SYSTEMS

2. Learning Objectives
Understand the need for systems integration for MSS
Describe the difficulties in integrating systems
Describe major models of MSS integration
Describe MSS integration with enterprise systems
Describe organizational impacts of MSS

3. Learning Objectives Learn the potential impacts of MSS on individuals
Describe societal impacts of MSS
List and describe major ethical and legal issues of MSS implementation
Define the digital divide and discuss how to close it
Provide an overview regarding the future of MSS

4. Systems Integration: An Overview
Types of integration
Functional integration
The provision of different support functions as a single system through a single, consistent interface
Physical integration
The packaging the hardware, software, and communication features required to accomplish functional integration

5. Systems Integration: An Overview
Why integrate?
Implementing MSS
Increasing the capabilities of the MSS applications
Enhancing the capabilities of non-MSS applications
Enabling real-time decision support
Enabling more powerful applications
Facilitating system development
Enhancing with intelligent tools

6. Systems Integration: An Overview
Levels of integration
Across different MSS
Within MSS
Embedded intelligent systems
Integration and the Web

7. Types of Management Support Systems Integration
Models of Integrating ES and DSS
Intelligent systems attached to DSS components
Database intelligent component
Intelligent system for the model base and its management
Intelligent system for improving the user interface
Intelligent consultant to DSS builders
Intelligent consultant to users

8. Types of Management Support Systems Integration

9. Types of Management Support Systems Integration
Models of Integrating ES and DSS
An ES as a separate component in a DSS
ES output as input to BA
Analysis output as input to ES
Feedback
Issues and Configurations in MSS integration
Representative integration factors (see Table 16.3, p. 717
Sharing in the decision-making process
Feedback loops in integrated systems

10. Types of Management Support Systems Integration

11. Integration with Enterprise Systems and Knowledge Management
Integration with ERP and SCM Systems
Integration with KMS
Integration of KMS with Other business information systems
Integrating DSS and Knowledge management
Integration of Intelligent systems and knowledge management
Other Knowledge Management–Related Integration

12. Integration with Enterprise Systems and Knowledge Management

13. Integration with Enterprise Systems and Knowledge Management

14. Integration with Enterprise Systems and Knowledge Management
Integration approaches
Second-generation ERP systems
Enterprise application integration
Comprehensive systems
Web services

15. The Impacts of Management Support Systems: An Overview
MSS impacts:
Particular individuals and jobs
Work structures of departments and units within an organization
Total organizational structures
Entire industries, communities, and society as a whole

16. The Impacts of Management Support Systems: An Overview
MSS impacts on society:
Changing role of home-bound people
Computer crime and fraud
Consumers
The digital divide
Employment levels
Opportunities for the disabled
Quality of life
Work in hazardous environments

17. The Impacts of Management Support Systems: An Overview

18. Management Support Systems Impacts on Organizations
New organizational units
Management support department
BI department (unit)
Artificial intelligence department
Knowledge management department that can be combined with or replace a quantitative analysis unit

19. Management Support Systems Impacts on Organizations
Organizational culture
Restructuring business processes and virtual teams
Business process reengineering (BPR)
Changes in structure, organizational culture, and processes within an entire organization
Simulation modeling and organizational restructuring

20. Management Support Systems Impacts on Organizations
The impacts of ADS systems
Reduction of middle management
Empowerment of customers and business partners
Improved customer service (e.g., faster reply to requests)
Increased productivity of help desks and call centers

21. Management Support Systems Impacts on Organizations
Other organizational impacts
Increased productivity, speed, customer satisfaction, quality, and supply-chain improvements resulting in strategic advantage
Entire industries are affected

22. Management Support Systems Impacts on Organizations

23. Management Support Systems Impacts on Individuals
Job satisfaction
Inflexibility, dehumanization, stress, and anxiety
Job stress and anxiety
Cooperation of experts

24. Automating Decision Making and the Manager’s Job
The affect of MSS on managers’ activities and their performance
Less expertise (experience) is required for making many decisions.
Faster decision making is possible
Less reliance on experts and analysts is required
Power is being redistributed among managers
Support for complex decisions makes them faster to make and of better quality
Information needed for high-level decision making is expedited or even self-generated
Automation of routine decisions may eliminate some managers

25. Automating Decision Making and the Manager’s Job
Can managers’ jobs be fully automated?
Some of their routine decisions, such as scheduling, can be automated; other decisions that involve behavioral aspects cannot
The job of top managers is the least routine and therefore the most difficult to automate

26. Issues of Legality, Privacy, And Ethics
Legal issues
What is the value of an expert opinion in court when the expertise is encoded in a computer?
Who is liable for wrong advice (or information) provided by an ES?
What happens if a manager enters an incorrect judgment value into an MSS and the result is damage or a disaster?
Who owns the knowledge in a knowledge base?
Should royalties be paid to experts who provide knowledge to an ES or a knowledge base?
Can management force experts to contribute their expertise?

27. Issues of Legality, Privacy, And Ethics
The right to be left alone and the right to be free from unreasonable personal intrusions
Two rules followed fairly closely in court decisions:
The right of privacy is not absolute. Privacy must be balanced against the needs of society
The public’s right to know is superior to the individual’s right to privacy

28. Issues of Legality, Privacy, And Ethics
Collecting information about individuals
The Web and information collection
Homeland security and individual privacy

29. Issues of Legality, Privacy, And Ethics
Ethics in decision making and support
Personal values constitute a major factor in the issue of ethical decision making
Framework describing ethics processes and systems
Who is the agent?
What action was actually taken or is being contemplated?
What are the results or consequences of the act?
Is the result fair or just for all stakeholders?
Non-work related use of the Internet

30. Issues of Legality, Privacy, And Ethics

31. Intelligent and Automated Systems and Employment Levels
The impact of MSS on employment levels
MSS have the potential to significantly affect the productivity and employment of many types of employees as well to partially or even completely eliminate jobs
Technology is getting less expensive and more capable and thus is bringing about substantial changes in jobs and job content

32. Intelligent and Automated Systems and Employment Levels
The impact of MSS on employment levels
Two extreme positions are massive unemployment and increased employment
There are a number of newly created MSS-related jobs

33. Intelligent and Automated Systems and Employment Levels
The impact of MSS on employment levels
Questions about how intelligent systems will affect employment
Is some unemployment really socially desirable?
Should the government intervene more in the distribution of income and in determination of the employment level?
Can the “invisible hand” in the economy, which has worked so well in the past, continue to be successful in the future?
Will artificial intelligence make most of us idle but wealthy?

34. Other Societal Impacts of MSS and the Digital Divide
Representative positive effects of MSS
Work in hazardous environments
Opportunities for the disabled and elderly
The changing roles of single parents and home-bound people
Improvements in health care delivery
Aids for the consumer
Quality of life at home and in the workplace
Law enforcement and homeland security improvement

35. Other Societal Impacts of MSS and the Digital Divide
Potential negative effects
Computer crime and internet fraud
Too much power
The dangers of the web
Blaming the computer phenomenon
Social responsibility

36. Other Societal Impacts of MSS and the Digital Divide
Growing gap between those who have and those who do not have the ability to use the technology
The gap exists both within and between countries as well as between large and small businesses
One device that is helping to close the gap is the smart phone that enables Internet access without the need of having a PC

37. The Future of Management Support Systems
MSS will play a larger role in strategic management due to BPM systems
Increased use of the Web for MSS development and applications
BI is being combined with other Web-based enterprise systems (CRM, ERP, and KM)
Intelligent systems have become major contributors in the fight against terrorism and fraud, as well as contributors to productivity and quality of life improvements

38. The Future of Management Support Systems
Web-based advisory services will mushroom on the Internet
More complex MSS applications are expected—so more complex problems will be solved.
The trend toward making MSS more intelligent will
Advancements in mobile, wireless, and pervasive computing require the use of a
greater and more diversified number of intelligent devices

39. The Future of Management Support Systems
MSS will be available for dissemination via application service providers (ASP)
Natural language-based search engines will populate
the Internet, facilitating MSS construction by reducing costs
The semantic Web will increase the use of
MSS
The use of voice technologies and natural language processing will further facilitate the usage of MSS

40. The Future of Management Support Systems
Frontline decision support technologies that mostly support CRM will become an integral part of IT in most medium-sized and large organizations
MSS will continue to be integrated with ERP to provide better SCM, including manufacturing planning and control
Large numbers of experts will offer expertise on the Internet and will become an important part of knowledge dissemination
More and more companies will initiate formal KM programs; some will sell that knowledge to others

41. The Future of Management Support Systems
The usage of wireless technologies will allow employees to access MSS and knowledge bases anytime and from anywhere
Intelligent agents will roam the Internet and intranets, assisting decision makers in the monitoring and interpretation of information
Groupware technologies for remote collaboration and communication will become easier to use, more powerful, and less expensive

42. The Future of Management Support Systems
Decision support tools for e-commerce will expand to include more and better tools
ADS systems are spreading across and within industries, empowering and sometimes replacing employees.
Grid computing will be used for analysis of very large amounts of data