1. Greek Culture and Society Term II, Lecture 4 Greek Religion

2. 2 Religion and worship

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6 Main features of a Greek sanctuary Location Altar Temenos Priest Calendar

7. 7 What was a Greek sanctuary? Sanctuary of Poseidon, Cape Sunion, Attica

8. 8 Altar of the Temple of Apollo, Gortyn, Crete

9. 9 Temenos of the Temple of Zeus, Dodona

10. 10 Everyday Rituals Home hearth is sacred to Hestia Everything hunted is sacred to Artemis Everything farmed is sacred to Demeter All sea-going activities are sacred to Poseidon All weather phenomena are sacred to Zeus Travelling and trading is sacred to Hermes Metal-working is sacred to Hephaistos Wool-working and household work are sacred to Athena

11. 11 Hestia, the most gentle and charitable of divinities, guardian of the oikos

12. 12 Ephaistos, the god blacksmith

13. 13 Thundering Zeus

14. 14 Sacred Calendar from Kos

15. 15 Sacred Calendar from Kos Month A: Batromeios ?: An ox from the Chiliastes to Hestia Hetaireia ?: Annual Festival to Zeus Polieus. Sacrifice of ox. 10 th : A pig and a kid to Dionysos Scyllites 20 th : An ox to Zeus Polieus 20 th : A pregnant sheep to Athena Polias 21 st : A pig and a kid to Dionysos Scyllites 23 rd : A sheep and a pregnant ewe to Demeter 24 th : A pig and a kid to Dionysos Scyllites Month B: Karneios ?: A pregnant ewe to Rhea 10 th : A heifer to Argive Royal Hera of the Marshes 11th: A pig to Zeus Machaneus 12 th : 3 sheep, an ox, ½ medimnos of barley and wine to Zeus Machaneus 12 th : Heifer/sheep to Athena Machanis Month C: Pedageitnion 21st: 3 sheep to the Heroes 28 th : A lamb to Herakles 28 th : An ox to Herakles Month D: Unknown 17 th : A sheep to Delian Apollo 17 th : An ewe to Leto 19 th : A goat to the Graces 20 th : A sheep and an ewe to Apollo Karneios and Artemis

16. 16 The Panathenaic Procession It is generally accepted that the Parthenon Frieze portrays the Processions at the festival of the Great Panathenaia that was celebrated every four years in Athens

17. 17 Panathenaic Procession a proposed order Four little girls carrying a peplos for the life-size statue of Athena Polias Priestesses of Athena and Athenian women carrying gifts Sacrificial animals (cows and sheep) Metics (resident aliens), wearing purple robes and carrying on trays cakes and honeycombs for offerings Musicians playing the aulos and the kithara. A colossal peplos (for Athena Parthenos) hung on the mast of a ship on wheels Old men carrying olive branches Four-horse chariots with a charioteer and fully armed man (apobatês) Craftswomen (ergastinai - weavers of peplos) Infantry and cavalry Victors in the games Ordinary Athenians arranged by deme

18. 18 Sacrificial animals (cows and sheep)

19. 19 Musicians playing the aulos and the kithara

20. 20 Old men carrying olive branches

21. 21 Metics (resident aliens), wearing purple robes and carrying on trays cakes and honeycombs for offerings

22. 22 Craftswomen (ergastinai - weavers of peplos )

23. 23 Infantry and cavalry (who is missing?)

24. 24 Demeter and Triptolemos

25. 25 Herma: Square or rectangular pillar of stone, terracotta, or bronze; a bust of Hermes' head, usually with a beard, sat on the top of the pillar, and male genitals adorned the base. 415: The Hermae affair

26. 26 The Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi

27. 27

28. 28

29. 29 The Pythia

30. 30

31. 31

32. 32 Athenian Thesauron

33. 33 Thuc. VI.16.1-2 ‘Athenians, I have a better right to command than others--I must begin with this as Nicias has attacked me--and at the same time I believe myself to be worthy of it. The things for which I am abused, bring fame to my ancestors and to myself, and to the country profit besides. The Hellenes, after expecting to see our city ruined by the war, concluded it to be even greater than it really is, by reason of the magnificence with which I represented it at the Olympic games, when I sent into the lists seven chariots, a number never before entered by any private person, and won the first prize, and was second and fourth, and took care to have everything else in a style worthy of my victory. Custom regards such displays as honourable, and they cannot be made without leaving behind them an impression of power.

34. 34

35. The archaic aristocracies of Attica

36. The cult of heroic excellence Being healthy is the best thing for a mortal man; Second comes beauty Third an honest health; Fourth, being young amongst your friends.

37. The sites of Menidhi/Acharnae and Thoricus

38. The Mycenaean tombs of Thorikos