1. Elite Christian Culture and Popular Piety

2. I. High Culture: Christian Elites

3. Elite Christian Culture and Popular Piety I. High Culture: Christian Elites A. Slow Christianization of Upper Classes

4. Elite Christian Culture and Popular Piety I. High Culture: Christian Elites A. Slow Christianization of Upper Classes B. Intellectual Pursuits

5. Elite Christian Culture and Popular Piety I. High Culture: Christian Elites A. Slow Christianization of Upper Classes B. Intellectual Pursuits 1. Copying & Translation

6. Elite Christian Culture and Popular Piety I. High Culture: Christian Elites A. Slow Christianization of Upper Classes B. Intellectual Pursuits 1. Copying & Translation 2. Original Scholarly Works: Augustine & Jerome

7. St. Augustine (d. 430)

8. St. Jerome (345-420) in his Study (Antonello da Messinas, 1474-75)

9. Jerome in the Desert

10. Jerome in his Study ( Albrecht Durer engraving, 1514)

11. Elite Christian Culture and Popular Piety I. High Culture: Christian Elites A. Slow Christianization of Upper Classes B. Intellectual Pursuits 1. Copying & Translation 2. Original Scholarly Works: Augustine & Jerome II. Popular Christian Piety: Cult of the Saints

12. Elite Christian Culture and Popular Piety I. High Culture: Christian Elites A. Slow Christianization of Upper Classes B. Intellectual Pursuits 1. Copying & Translation 2. Original Scholarly Works: Augustine & Jerome II. Popular Christian Piety: Cult of the Saints A. Contrast with Paganism

13. Elite Christian Culture and Popular Piety I. High Culture: Christian Elites A. Slow Christianization of Upper Classes B. Intellectual Pursuits 1. Copying & Translation 2. Original Scholarly Works: Augustine & Jerome II. Popular Christian Piety: Cult of the Saints A. Contrast with Paganism B. Its Rise

14. Elite Christian Culture and Popular Piety I. High Culture: Christian Elites A. Slow Christianization of Upper Classes B. Intellectual Pursuits 1. Copying & Translation 2. Original Scholarly Works: Augustine & Jerome II. Popular Christian Piety: Cult of the Saints A. Contrast with Paganism B. Its Rise C. Elements: Tombs, Relics, & Pilgrimage

15. Martin will do you no good, whom the earth now rests, turning him to earth... A dead man can give no healing to the living. - local Jewish doctor

16. Martin will do you no good, whom the earth now rests, turning him to earth... A dead man can give no healing to the living. - local Jewish doctor Here lies Martin the bishop, of holy memory, whose soul is in the hand of God; but he is fully here, present and made plain in miracles of every kind. - inscription on St. Martin’s tomb

17. Elite Christian Culture and Popular Piety I. High Culture: Christian Elites A. Slow Christianization of Upper Classes B. Intellectual Pursuits 1. Copying & Translation 2. Original Scholarly Works: Augustine & Jerome II. Popular Christian Piety: Cult of the Saints A. Contrast with Paganism B. Its Rise C. Elements: Tombs, Relics, & Pilgrimage D. Leadership & Control of Western Bishops

18. Elite Christian Culture and Popular Piety I. High Culture: Christian Elites A. Slow Christianization of Upper Classes B. Intellectual Pursuits 1. Copying & Translation 2. Original Scholarly Works: Augustine & Jerome II. Popular Christian Piety: Cult of the Saints A. Contrast with Paganism B. Its Rise C. Elements: Tombs, Relics, & Pilgrimage D. Leadership & Control of Western Bishops E. Pagan Reaction to the Cult of the Saints

19. You keep adding many corpses newly dead to the corpse of long ago. You have filled the whole world w/tombs & sepulchres. - Emperor Julian, Against the Galileans

20. Elite Christian Culture and Popular Piety I. High Culture: Christian Elites A. Slow Christianization of Upper Classes B. Intellectual Pursuits 1. Copying & Translation 2. Original Scholarly Works: Augustine & Jerome II. Popular Christian Piety: Cult of the Saints A. Contrast with Paganism B. Its Rise C. Elements: Tombs, Relics, & Pilgrimage D. Leadership & Control of Western Bishops E. Pagan Reaction to the Cult of the Saints