2. Presenting Your Message

3. Introduction and Overview  Stage fright  Practicing your speech  Guidelines for delivery Visual aspect Auditory aspects

4. Types of Delivery  Extemporaneous: planned in advance but presented spontaneously  Impromptu: little or no preparation- off the top of one’s head.  Manuscript: read verbatim  Memorized (oratory): learned by heart ~pros and cons of each?~

5. Dealing with Communication Apprehension  Debilitative verses Facilitative stage fright - a little bit of nervousness is a good thing -it can give you energy and focus. People are most nervous right before they speak, it usually trails off before they finish speaking.

6. Where does stage fright come from?  Shyness  Self esteem  Previous negative experiences  Irrational thinking

7. Irrational Thinking 1. Catastrophic failure- if something bad can happen, it will. 2. Perfection- I must be flawless. 3. Approval- Is is vital, not just desirable to have the approval of everyone in the audience. 4. Overgeneralization- I always mess up, I never do well on speeches, etc.

8. Ways to fight stage fright  Be rational  visualization  Focus on presenting the material and what you are giving the audience- not your self.  Take a tip from the actors- channel that energy into your voice and body.  MOST IMPORTANT= BE PREPARED

9. Practicing Your Speech 1.Present the speech to yourself 2.Tape record or videotape the speech 3.Present the speech to someone or a small group of people (your speech coach!) One cannot practice his or her speech too much

10. Guidelines for Delivery (Review of nonverbal communication)  Visual aspects Appearance Use appearance to add credibility Look good, feel good, speak good (well) (But be yourself!) Dos and Don’ts

11. Guidelines for Delivery  Visual aspects, cont. Posture Be comfortable and confident Don’t lock knees Good posture=good breath and voice No crossing anything! Facial expressions Facial expressions should match what you say. Unless it is serious, smile!  Your audience will smile back  You appear more comfortable  It give your voice energy

12. Eye contact Most Important- (in North America) Remember cultural differences Eye contact can engage and capture your audience Make eye contact with each person at least once- (unless they seem very uncomfortable) Speak to those who want to be spoken to Secret tip: two people you trust

13. Movement ~be natural~ Control nervous movement by replacing it with voluntary movements Move to add emphasis to the speech Move during transitions (between main points) Gesture to emphasis and explain

14. What do I do with my hands?  What ever comes natural.  Pretend like you are talking to a group of friends- how much would you gesture?  Review Problem Gestures

15. Guidelines for Delivery  Auditory aspects- your vocal expressions should match your words.  Use your voice to create emotion. Volume It’s better to be too loud than too quiet Rate Words spoken per minute Pitch Highness and lowness of one’s voice

16. Guidelines for Delivery  Auditory aspects, cont.  Don’t be lazy with your mouth! Articulation: pronouncing all the part of the necessary words and nothing else Deletion: leaving off part of a word Substitution: replace part of a word with an incorrect sound Addition: adding extra parts to words Fillers, tags- extra words and sounds Slurring: trying to say two or more words at once