1. Kurt Fagerstedt Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Plant Biology Viikki Biocenter Spring 2006 Lectures in Plant Developmental Physiology, 3 ECTS.

2. Time-table and organisation Mon 13.3.Orienteering and Introduction to plant developmental biology. Cell-intrinsic information. Prof. mvs. Kurt Fagerstedt Wed 15.3.Embryo development (primary axis development). Prof. mvs. Kurt Fagerstedt Mon 20.3.Shoot apical meristems. Prof. mvs. Kurt Fagerstedt Wed 22.3.Leaf development, stomata. Prof. Jaakko Kangasjärvi Mon 27.3.Root apical meristems, root development. Prof. Ykä Helariutta Wed 29.3.Flower development. Prof. Teemu Teeri Mon 3.4.Hormonal control of development, Prof. Ykä Helariutta Wed 5.4.Developmental responses to light. Prof. Jaakko Kangasjärvi Mon 10.4.Environmental information other than light. Prof. mvs. Kurt Fagerstedt Wed 12.4.Coordination of development, Prof. mvs. Kurt Fagerstedt Mon 17.4.No lecture (Easter) Wed 19.4.Open examination on the lectures and additional reading.

3. Structure of the lecture course 22 h of lectures will form one part of the course, 2 cr. On each lecture we will go through one article concerning one of the topics dealt with in the lecture series and consults some other articles refereed in that article. An examination will take place on the last day of the lecture series, 19th April. You may have all lecture notes with you at the examination. This includes the articles presented during the lecture series. 1 cr.

4. Books on the topic Leyser and Day 2003: Mechanisms in Plant Development, Blackwell Publishing. Fosket, D.E. 1994: Plant Growth and Development, A Molecular Approach, Academic press. Turnbull, G.N. 2005: Plant architecture and its manipulation. Annual Plant Reviews, vol. 17. Blackwell.

5. Latest literature Chow, B. and McCourt, P. 2004: Hormone signalling from a developmental context. J. Exp. Bot. 55:247-251. Chuck G. Hake S. 2005: Regulation of developmental transitions [Review]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 8(1):67-70. Jang S. Hur J. Kim SJ. Han MJ. Kim SR. An G. 2004: Ectopic expression of OsYAB1 causes extra stamens and carpels in rice. Plant Molecular Biology. 56(1):133-143. Schrader J. Nilsson J. Mellerowicz E. Berglund A. Nilsson P. Hertzberg M. Sandberg G. 2004: A high-resolution transcript profile across the wood-forming meristem of poplar identifies potential regulators of cambial stem cell identity. Plant Cell. 16(9):2278-2292. Takeda S. Matsumoto N. Okada K. 2004: RABBIT EARS, encoding a SUPERMAN-like zinc finger protein, regulates petal development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development. 131(2):425-434. Grandjean O. Vernoux T. Laufs P. Belcram K. Mizukami Y. Traas J. 2004: In vivo analysis of cell division, cell growth, and differentiation at the shoot apical meristem in arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 16(1):74-87.

6. Hotton S. 2003: Finding the center of a phyllotactic pattern. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 225(1):15-32. Dievart A. Dalal M. Tax FE. Lacey AD. Huttly A. Li JM. Clark SE. 2003: CLAVATA1 dominant-negative alleles reveal functional overlap between multiple receptor kinases that regulate meristem and organ development. Plant Cell. 15(5):1198-1211. Ueda M. Koshino-Kimura Y. Okada K. 2005: Stepwise understanding of root development [Review]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 8(1):71-76. Nodzon LA. Xu WH. Wang YS. Pi LY. Chakrabarty PK. Song WY. 2004: The ubiquitin ligase XBAT32 regulates lateral root development in Arabidopsis. Plant Journal. 40(6):996-1006. Montiel G. Gantet P. Jay-Allemand C. Breton C. 2004: Transcription factor networks. Pathways to the knowledge of root development. Plant Physiology. 136(3):3478-3485. Byrne ME. 2005: Networks in leaf development [Review]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 8(1):59-66. Bharathan G. Sinha NR. 2001: The regulation of compound leaf development. Plant Physiology. 127(4):1533-1538.

7. Cleary AL. Smith LG. 1998: The tangled1 gene is required for spatial control of cytoskeletal arrays associated with cell division during maize leaf development. Plant Cell. 10(11):1875-1888. Schneeberger R. Tsiantis M. Freeling M. Langdale JA. 1998: The rough SHEATH2 gene negatively regulates homeobox gene expression during maize leaf development. Development. 125(15):2857-2865. Tzafrir I. Pena-Muralla R. Dickerman A. Berg M. Rogers R. Hutchens S. Sweeney TC. McElver J. Aux G. Patton D. Meinke D. 2004: Identification of genes required for embryo development in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology. 135(3):1206-1220. Ye R. Yao QH. Xu ZH. Xue HW. 2004: Development of an efficient method for the isolation of factors involved in gene transcription during rice embryo development. Plant Journal. 38(2):348-357. Xu RQ. Ye XF. Li QSQ. 2004: AtCPSF73-II gene encoding an Arabidopsis homolog of CPSF 73 kDa subunit is critical for early embryo development. Gene. 324:35-45. Kwong RW. Bui AQ. Lee H. Kwong LW. Fischer RL. Goldberg RB. Harada JJ. 2003: LEAFY COTYLEDON1-LIKE defines a class of regulators essential for embryo development. Plant Cell. 15(1):5-18.

8. Introduction to Plant Developmental Physiology Spring 2006

9. How does a single cell become a complex organism? What mechanisms / factors control development? Cell fate in order to produce a functional plant? Plant development - plasticity in response to environmental cues. QUESTIONS WE TRY TO ANSWER:

10. Angiosperm development alternation of generations (sukupolvenvuorottelu) diploid phase = sporophyte –embryogenesis, germination, primary and secondary development –vegetative & reproductive development –juvenile & adult phase, a phase change haploid phase = gametophyte –megaspore  female gametophyte –microspore  male gametophyte

11. Sporophyte development Continuous development –indeterminate & determinate plastic development regeneration -totipotency -phase change

12. Gametophyte development female gametophyte = embryo sac -carpels: ovary, style & stigma -ovules: nucellus, integuments, micropyle male gametophyte -microspore mother cells surrounded by tapetum  meiosis  microspores  pollen grains

14. Fertilization Pollen grain germinates on a compatible stigma Angiosperms have double fertilization –one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to produce zygote –the other sperm cell fuses with the two polar nuclei  triploid nucleus  endosperm After fertilization –haploid cells degenerate –ovaries (usually) develop into a fruit –the growing embryo consumes most of the nucellus –integuments remain to form the seed coat

16. Embryo development in Arabidopsis

17. Meristem development

18. Root tip development

19. Floral development

20. Leaf development

21. Development of vasculature

22. Cambium development

23. Developmental responses to light and other environmental cues -Red and blue light responses (phytochromes, cryptochromes, phototropins) -Temperature and gravity reponses