1. Emergency Response American Red Cross Instructor: Joel Bass MS ATC 1995 USDOT First Responder Curriculum

2. Breathing Emergencies I

3. Respiratory System Review The respiratory system consists of the upper and lower airway and the lungs. The respiratory system consists of the upper and lower airway and the lungs. Differences in Child and infant airways Differences in Child and infant airways Smaller and more easily obstructed than an adult’s Smaller and more easily obstructed than an adult’s The tongue takes up more space than an adult’s The tongue takes up more space than an adult’s The trachea is more flexible The trachea is more flexible Breathing emergencies are the primary cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children. Breathing emergencies are the primary cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children.

4. Recognizing Breathing Emergencies There are two types of breathing emergencies There are two types of breathing emergencies Respiratory distress Respiratory distress Respiratory arrest Respiratory arrest By recognizing respiratory distress and taking immediate action, you may prevent respiratory arrest. By recognizing respiratory distress and taking immediate action, you may prevent respiratory arrest. Question - What are some causes of breathing emergencies? Question - What are some causes of breathing emergencies? Question - What are some signs and symptoms of respiratory distress? Question - What are some signs and symptoms of respiratory distress?

5. Asthma Facts Facts Narrows air passages Narrows air passages Triggered by: Triggered by: Allergic reaction to pollen/food/a drug/insect stings. Allergic reaction to pollen/food/a drug/insect stings. Emotional stress/physical activity Emotional stress/physical activity Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms Struggling to breathe Struggling to breathe Wheezing when exhaling Wheezing when exhaling

6. Emphysema Facts Facts Lungs lose ability to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen effectively. Lungs lose ability to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen effectively. Caused by: Caused by: Smoking; usually develops over many year. Smoking; usually develops over many year. Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms Shortness of breath Shortness of breath Possible coughing, cyanosis, or high fever Possible coughing, cyanosis, or high fever Advanced cases: Restlessness, confusion, weakness Advanced cases: Restlessness, confusion, weakness

7. Hyperventilation Facts Facts Rapid breathing upsets body’s balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide Rapid breathing upsets body’s balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide Triggered by: Triggered by: Fear/anxiety Fear/anxiety Injury to head/severe bleeding/illness Injury to head/severe bleeding/illness Asthma Asthma Exercise Exercise Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms Shallow, rapid breathing Shallow, rapid breathing Dizziness Dizziness Numbness in finger/toes Numbness in finger/toes

8. Anaphylaxis Facts Facts Swelling or air passages restricts breathing Swelling or air passages restricts breathing Triggered by: Triggered by: Food/insect stings/a drug Food/insect stings/a drug Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms Skin rash Skin rash Tightness in chest/throat Tightness in chest/throat Swelling of face/neck/tongue Swelling of face/neck/tongue

9. Care For Respiratory Distress A sitting position may help alleviate breathing difficulty. A sitting position may help alleviate breathing difficulty. Keep victim from getting chilled or overheated. Keep victim from getting chilled or overheated. Help victim take needed medication Help victim take needed medication Summon more advanced medical care Summon more advanced medical care Monitor vital signs Monitor vital signs

10. Respiratory Arrest A life-threatening condition in which breathing stops. A life-threatening condition in which breathing stops. Caused by illness, injury, or choking Caused by illness, injury, or choking Rescue breathing is required to provide oxygen to the non-breather who has a pulse Rescue breathing is required to provide oxygen to the non-breather who has a pulse You will determine if a victim needs rescue breathing during the initial assessment. You will determine if a victim needs rescue breathing during the initial assessment. Always follow body substance isolation (BSI) precautions when giving rescue breathing. Always follow body substance isolation (BSI) precautions when giving rescue breathing.

11. Breathing Emergencies II

12. Caring For Respiratory Arrest Video (Rescue Breathing) Video (Rescue Breathing) Adults – 1 every 5 seconds Adults – 1 every 5 seconds Children – 1 every 3 seconds Children – 1 every 3 seconds Infants – 1 every 3 seconds Infants – 1 every 3 seconds

13. Skill Practice: Rescue Breathing Video (Face Shield/Barriers) Video (Face Shield/Barriers) Health Precautions and Guidelines During Training: Health Precautions and Guidelines During Training: Practice opening and airway and performing rescue breathing on a manikin. Practice opening and airway and performing rescue breathing on a manikin. Properly clean the manikin after each use Properly clean the manikin after each use Find a partner Find a partner Bring your skills sheets to the practice area. Bring your skills sheets to the practice area.

14. Breathing Emergencies III

15. Airway Obstruction Anatomical - Airway blocked by anatomic structure Anatomical - Airway blocked by anatomic structure Tongue Tongue Swollen tissues of mouth and throat Swollen tissues of mouth and throat Mechanical – Airway blocked by foreign object Mechanical – Airway blocked by foreign object Food Food Toy Toy Fluids Fluids

16. Airway Obstruction Partial Partial Victim can still move air to and from lungs; can cough, speak, breathe Victim can still move air to and from lungs; can cough, speak, breathe Complete Complete Victim is unable to speak, breathe, cough; no air movement. Victim is unable to speak, breathe, cough; no air movement.

17. Caring For Airway Obstruction (Adult/Child) Video (Clearing an Obstructed Airway, Conscious/Unconscious) Video (Clearing an Obstructed Airway, Conscious/Unconscious)

18. Skill Practice: Obstructed Airway (Adult/Child) Airway Obstruction (Unconscious Adult/Child) Airway Obstruction (Unconscious Adult/Child) Find a partner Find a partner Bring your skills sheets to the practice area Bring your skills sheets to the practice area Airway Obstruction ( Conscious Adult/Child) Airway Obstruction ( Conscious Adult/Child) Find a partner Find a partner Bring your skills sheets to the practice area Bring your skills sheets to the practice area

19. Breathing Emergencies IV

20. Airway Obstruction For Infants Video (Clearing an Obstructed Airway, Infant) Video (Clearing an Obstructed Airway, Infant)

21. Skill Practice: Obstructed Airway Airway Obstruction (Unconscious Infant) Airway Obstruction (Unconscious Infant) Find a partner Find a partner Bring your skills sheets to the practice area Bring your skills sheets to the practice area

22. Assignments Reading Assignment: Read Chapter 9 & 10 Reading Assignment: Read Chapter 9 & 10 Workbook Unit 9 & 10 (Turn in at the beginning of class) Workbook Unit 9 & 10 (Turn in at the beginning of class)