1. Methodologies used to Study Human Sexual Behavior Surveys Clinical Studies Quasi-Experiments

2. SEX SURVEYS - METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 1) PURPOSEFUL DISTORTION 2) ABILITY TO REMEMBER 3) ABILITY TO ESTIMATE 4) COST

3. SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN THE HUMAN MALE (1948) SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN THE HUMAN FEMALE (1953) ALFRED KINSEY Pioneer of the Sex Survey

4. Kinsey’s Method 100% Sampling Technique Face-to-face interviewing Rapid fire questioning Anonymity

5. Results from a Survey of Illinois 4-Year University Students

8. The last time you had sex, what form of birth control did you use? Female College Students in Illinois

9. The last time you had sex, what form of birth control did you use? Male College Students in Illinois

10. Clinical Studies William Masters & Virginia Johnson

11. Human Sexual Response (1966) 694 people studied males - ages 21-89 females - ages 18-78 Mostly medical students Medical View of the sample - the processes observed assumed to be normative

12. Technology for Sex Research Penile Strain Gauge

13. Technology for Sex Research Vaginal Photoplethysmograph

14. Technology for Sex Research Vaginal & Rectal Myographs

15. Advantages & Disadvantages of Masters & Johnson’s methods Sophisticated technology Sampling problems “Unnatural” laboratory setting Direct observation: No self-report problems

16. Quasi-Experiments Some Important Characteristics of Real Experiments: Manipulation, Control, Random Assignment, Systematic Measurement Why “Quasi”? ---You can’t manipulate gender.

17. Design of Heiman’s Quasi-Experimental Study erotic & eroticromantic control male initiatedmale perspective female perspective female initiatedmale perspective female perspective Manipulations of story content: Crossed with this matrix of manipulations was the gender of the participant

18. Two Types of Measures Used in Heiman’s Study Physiological Self-Report

19. Results from Heiman’s Study Explicit sex was most arousing for both men and women Female-initiated/female-centered scenarios were most arousing for both men and women When physiological measures indicated that women were aroused 1/2 failed to report it